Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences - 2025; 41(1) - Current Issue

Clinico-Morphological Studies in a Clinical Case of Emphysematous Abomasitis in a Lamb Herd in Bulgaria

Ismet Kalkanov — 2025-03-01

The present report describes a clinical case of emphysematous abomasitis in lambs caused by Sarcina spp. The lambs were aged from the 24th hour after birth to the 35th day additionally supplemented with milk replacer due to the reduced amount of milk in the mothers, and from the second week they began to accept "ad libitum" starter granulated feed and ground corn. After which they began to show the following signs: severely swollen abdomen and difficult breathing, cachexia, lying down, lethargy, pale conjunctivae, feces were pale yellow mixed with mucus, internal body temperature was normal. In a period of 10 days, 50 lambs became ill and 10 died. At the performed autopsy, the abomasum was filled with gases, its contents had a whitish color and mucous consistency. The mucosa and submucosa were diffusely hyperemic, and had an edematous and emphysematous appearance. On the surface of the mucosa, desquamated epithelial cells mixed with exudate containing fibrin threads, numerous degenerated neutrophils, eosinophils, macrophages and grouped bacteria of the genus Sarcina spp. were observed. The combined use of pathoanatomical and histopathological examination are effective and reliable methods for diagnosis and differential diagnosis of emphysematous abomasitis in lactating lambs caused by bacteria of the genus Sarcina. Characteristic morphologies of bacteria allows us to distinguish them histologically from clostridia, as well as from other etiological agents

Screening of Aeromonas spp. and their antimicrobial resistance profiles in wild fish and seawater from the Gulf of Antalya, Mediterranean Sea

Ezgi Sababoglu Baytaroglu, Osman Kucukkagnici — 2025-03-01

Aeromonas species are widespread pathogens that cause significant diseases in humans and animals, resulting in severe economic losses in the aquaculture industry. Furthermore, these species have become a greater threat due to recent reports of multidrug-resistant Aeromonas species and the potential transfer of antibiotic resistance genes to important pathogenic bacteria affecting human and animal health. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of Aeromonas spp., an important zoonotic pathogen, in wild fish species caught in the Gulf of Antalya and in seawater, and to identify the most common Aeromonas species and their antibiotic resistance profiles. Seawater samples from five different coastal points in the Gulf of Antalya and 80 fish caught by local fishermen were bacteriologically examined. Suspected Aeromonas spp. isolates were purified and identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. The resistance profiles of the isolates to 12 antibiotics from 9 different classes were determined by the Kirby- Bauer disk diffusion method in accordance with Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute criteria. Aeromonas spp. were isolated from the liver and kidney of only one (1.25%) wild fish (Pagellus acarne Risso, 1826) and identified as Aeromonas molluscorum. The isolate was resistant to ampicillin and cefazolin. The multiple antibiotic resistance index was calculated to be 0.16. These findings highlight that wild fish and seawater in the Gulf of Antalya do not pose a risk with respect to multidrug-resistant Aeromonas species that could threaten human health through foodborne infections or direct contact.

Protective Effect of Micromeria congesta Against LPS-induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Rat Livers

Muhammet Bahaeddin Dortbudak, Muhammed Demircioglu, Fuat Serkan Kapucuk — 2025-03-01

This study aims to investigate the possible effects of Micromeria congesta (MC) against inflammation and oxidative damage in the liver caused by Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) used in sepsis modeling. A total of 24 animals, 6 Wistar Albino rats in each group, were used in the study. Animals were assigned to control, LPS, LPS+25 mg/ kg MC, LPS+50 mg/kg MC groups. In MC groups plant extract was administered to the animals for 7 days, LPS application was been made on the 7th day and the animals were euthanized 6 hours later. After euthanasia, the liver was examined histopathologically and immunohistochemically. In histopathologic examinations, it was determined that the use of MC at increasing doses against liver toxicity caused by LPS decreased the lesions in the liver. In immunohistochemical examination, it was determined that TNF-? and IL-2 expressions, which are important biomarkers of inflammation, decreased in parallel with the increasing dose compared to the LPS group. In addition, HSP 27 expression, which is a marker of oxidative stress, was also found to decrease with increasing dose of MC extract. It was revealed that MC extract had a protective effect on LPS-induced liver toxicity by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress. More studies are needed for MC to be an alternative in the treatment of sepsis.

Protective Effects of Vitamin U on Amiodarone-Induced Oxidative Stress and Altered Biomarkers in Rat Parotid Salivary Glands

2025-03-01

Amiodarone (AMD), an antiarrhythmic drug, causes side effects in multiple organs. S-methylmethionine sulfonium (vitamin U, Vit U) has potential protective effects against these adverse outcomes. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of AMD and Vit U on rat parotid salivary glands. The rats were assigned to four groups: control (corn oil for 7 days), Vit U (50 mg/kg/day for 7 days), AMD (100 mg/kg/day for 7 days), and AMD+Vit U (combined AMD and Vit U for 7 days). On day 8, parotid glands were collected for analysis of glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), thromboplastic activitiy (TrA), lipid peroxidation (LPO), myeloperoxidase (MPO), sodium-potassium ATPase (Na+/K+- ATPase), sialic acid (SA), hexose, hexosamine, fucose and total protein (TP). AMD administration significantly increased the values of GSH, LPO, MPO and hexosamine while decreasing the values of Na+/K+-ATPase, SA and hexose compared to controls. Co-administration of Vit U with AMD reversed these changes, indicating that Vit U may help to reduce AMD-induced oxidative stress in the parotid salivary gland and restore altered biochemical parameters. 7-day treatment with AMD induced oxidative damage and inflammation in the parotid gland. Vit U showed protective effects, especially in reducing oxidative damage, inflammation and glycosylation changes.

Silage Studies Published in DergiPark Infrastructure: A Bibliometric Analysis

Sevket Evci, Erva Eser — 2025-03-01

This study aims to analyze the thematic and methodological trends in silage research published in DergiPark, focusing on the most frequently discussed topics: silage quality, fermentation processes, and the use of additives. By systematically analyzing publication patterns and methodological approaches, the study seeks to provide insights into the evolving research landscape. A systematic analysis of silage studies in DergiPark examined key research topics, methodologies, and trends. Research was categorized by forage quality, fermentation efficiency, and additive use. Predominant methods, including chemical analysis, digestibility studies, and in vitro techniques, were assessed. The study also evaluated the growing role of microbial additives, particularly lactic acid bacteria, in fermentation improvement. The findings revealed that silage quality, fermentation processes, and additive applications are the dominant research themes. Corn and alfalfa were identified as the primary silage crops due to their significance in feed quality and productivity. Chemical analyses and digestibility studies were the most frequently utilized methods for evaluating nutritional value and preservation efficiency. Additionally, a notable rise in the application of in vitro methodologies was observed. The use of microbial additives, especially lactic acid bacteria, was found to significantly enhance the fermentation process. This study highlights the current research trends in silage studies and suggests future directions for improving silage production efficiency. Further exploration of in vitro methodologies and microbial additives is recommended to enhance sustainability and nutritional quality. Expanding research on diverse silage crops and novel additive applications could provide valuable insights for both scientific and industrial advancements.

Evaluation of Factors Affecting Prognosis in Traumatized Cats

Ebrar Merve Eris, Hilmican Ergin, Kurtulus Parlak — 2025-03-01

This study aims to evaluate the factors affecting the prognosis of cats presented with trauma complaints based on the type of trauma, clinical scoring (ATT and mGCS), laboratory measurements, and radiographic examination findings. The study materials consist of clinical (Animal Trauma Triage (ATT) Glasgow Coma Scale (mGCS), radiographic examinations, and laboratory analyses of a total of 50 cats of various breeds, ages, and weights, admitted to the Animal Hospital of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine at Selcuk University with trauma complaints. According to clinical examination findings, the mean ATT was 3 in surviving cats and 8 in deceased cats, while the mGCS score was 17 in surviving cats and 14 in deceased cats. The results were statistically significant in deceased cats. Radiographic examinations revealed that thoracic and abdominal trauma were more common in deceased cats. Laboratory results showed statistically significant correlations for BUN, total protein, albumin, hematocrit, and red blood cell levels, with notable differences between surviving and deceased cats. It is suggested that the systematic application of these diagnostic tools will improve prognostic accuracy for traumatic injuries in cats and lead to better management and treatment outcomes. Additionally, future studies on traumatized cats should consider repeating analyses at specific intervals during the treatment process to better identify prognostic factors that influence mortality.

Age and Neutering as a Determinant of Liver Size in Cats: A Radiographic Length of the Liver to the Length of the 11^th Thoracic Vertebra Ratio

Elif Dogan, Candemir Ozcan, Ayse Basak Dellalbasi — 2025-03-01

It is generally known that liver size changes in liver diseases. In addition to imaging modalities such as computed tomography, which require anesthesia, radiographic measurements can also be used to measure liver size. The aim of this study was to estimate liver size in healthy cats by radiographic measurement. A total of 60 healthy tabby cats were used in this study. Liver length and T11 vertebra length were measured on right lateral thorax radiographs and LL/T11 ratios were calculated. While 2-sample t test was used for pairwise comparison between groups, ANOVA one-way analysis of variance was used for multiple comparisons. Differences between groups were determined by Tukey comparison test. It was determined that gender and neutering status had no effect on LL/T11 ratio in cats of different age groups. However, statistically significant changes were determined in cats under 1 year of age and over 4 years of age. In conclusion, it was determined that radiographic LL/T11 ratio in cats is a usable index without being affected by the parameters evaluated. Therefore, radiography, which is a more practical application in clinics and animal hospitals, can be used for liver measurements as an alternative to measurement methods requiring anesthesia.

The Effect of Ultrasound-Treated Donkey Milk on some Serum Antioxidant and Cytokine Levels as well as ANAE-Positive Lymphocyte Ratios in Rat Trial Models

Ihsan Kisadere, Mehmet Faruk Aydin, Tevhide Elif Guner, Berfin Altundal — 2025-03-01

This study aimed to compare the effects of slow pasteurization and ultrasound treatment on the physicochemical and microbiological quality of donkey milk (DM) and to investigate how these processing methods influence specific antioxidant and immunological responses in rats. In the first stage, donkey milk samples were collected from twenty-two healthy donkeys and categorized into three groups: raw (Rm), pasteurized (Pst; 65 °C for 30 min), and ultrasound-treated (Ult; 100% amplitude for 6 min). Physicochemical parameters (e.g., pH, color, water activity, titratable acidity) and nutritional composition (dry matter, protein, fat, lactose) were determined. Microbial analyses included total aerobic mesophilic bacteria, coliforms, molds/yeasts, coagulase-positive Staphylococcus, and lactic acid bacteria counts. In the second stage, twenty-eight adult male Wistar albino rats were assigned to four groups (control, Rm, Pst, Ult) and each experimental group received 48 mL of the respective DM daily for four weeks. At the end of the feeding period, the rats were sacrificed, and blood samples were collected. Serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and various cytokines (IL-1?, TNF-?, IL-6, IL-10) were quantified. Differential leukocyte counts (lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils) and ANAE-positive lymphocyte percentages were also assessed. Although MDA and GSH levels were unaffected by DM type, SOD activities were significantly higher in all DM-fed groups relative to controls. Ultrasound-treated DM showed a more pronounced impact on pro-inflammatory cytokine levels (IL-1?, TNF-?, IL-6) than pasteurized milk, while IL-10 remained unchanged among the groups. Neither pasteurization nor ultrasound treatment affected the differential WBC or ANAE-positive lymphocyte percentages. Overall, ultrasound treatment offered a superior microbial load reduction without adversely impacting antioxidant or bioactive components. These findings suggest that ultrasound application may serve as a viable alternative to traditional pasteurization for preserving the functional properties of donkey milk.

Utilization of Chitosan as an Immune Response Enhancer in Non-Acidic Vaccine Formulations

Tuncer Turkoglu, Can Cokcaliskan, Erdogan Asar — 2025-03-01

The unique properties of chitosan make it stand out as an ideal adjuvant candidate. However, the low solubility of chitosan in non-acidic aqueous media limits its use as an adjuvant. In this study, a method was offered to overcome this limitation, without any structural modifications of chitosan. The proposed method incorporated the preparation of Pickering emulsions via self-aggregation of the chitosan particles. As a model for this preparation, a w/o/w emulsion formulation of the foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccine was utilized. Two vaccine formulations, with and without chitosan, were prepared and compared regarding their physicochemical properties. Laboratory animal (guinea pigs) trials were conducted to reveal the immune response in terms of neutralizing antibody levels. The sera were collected from two animal groups and tested for neutralizing antibody levels using a homologous virus neutralization test (VNT). Statistical analyses of the test results were performed at a 5% significance level using Quasi-Least Squares Regression (QLS). The incorporation of chitosan into the w/o/w vaccine formulation did not compromise the physicochemical properties of the emulsion. Statistical analysis reveals that the presence of chitosan enhances the antibody response. The effect of time and group on the neutralizing antibody titer levels (NATL) was found to be significant (p < 0.05). Our results suggest that the limitation of the use of chitosan as an adjuvant could be overcome by the Pickering emulsion preparation approach, without a need for further structural modifications. The presence of chitosan in such a vaccine formulation could enhance the immune response.

Producers Approach to Biogas Production from Waste in Livestock Enterprises: The Case of Seydişehir District of Konya Province

Mustafa Cizmeci, Aytekin Gunlu — 2025-03-01

This study aimed to determine the general characteristics of cattle breeding enterprises in Seydişehir district and the owners' perspectives on waste management. The research material of the study consisted of enterprises with 30 or more cattle engaged in animal production in Seydişehir district. Snowball sampling method was used in the application of data collection forms (questionnaire). At the end of the evaluations, 91 enterprises constituted the main material of the study. The surveys were conducted between October 2022 and August 2023. It was determined that the rate of utilization of animal waste was higher in the 1st and 2nd regions than in the 3rd region. It was determined that the fertilizers obtained were mostly preferred to be sold and very few breeders used them in their own lands. In addition to the increase in enterprise income, it was determined that environmental awareness increased in enterprises with more modern production. The statistical difference between the answers given to the questions on the structure of the enterprise and the more economical utilization of manure, storage, environmental awareness and the perspective on biogas production was found to be significant. It was stated that the owners of the enterprises were generally informed about biogas production, which is a renewable energy source, and wanted to contribute to biogas production. It was determined that most livestock farms in Seydişehir district of Konya province are favorable to biogas production and are aware that utilizing manure is to the advantage of the environment and the enterprise.