Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences - 2022; 38(1)

The expression profiles of NF-κB, Hsp70, and TNF-α in swine urinary bladder: an immunohistochemical study

Tuğrul Ertuğrul, Ahmet Ceylan — 2022-03-01

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the expression of NF-κB, Hsp70, and TNF-α immunohistochemically in the swine urinary bladder. Materials and Methods: A total of 8 swine urinary bladders were used as material in the study. NF-κB, Hsp70 and TNF-α expression were demonstrated by Streptavidin-biotin complex immunohistochemistry method. Results: Uroepithelial cells gave a focal cytoplasmic reaction with NF-κB. A moderate staining intensity was observed in NF-?B, smooth muscle cells of the detrusor muscle layer and in the vessel wall. Hsp70 expression was observed in the cytoplasms and nuclei of basal and intermediate cells. It was remarkable that basal cell nuclei showed a strong reaction. The bladder's smooth muscle bundles were stained positively with Hsp70. TNF-α expression was observed throughout all three layers of urothelium as a brown color in the urinary bladder. Interestingly, we determined that some umbrella cells' luminal surfaces showed intense membrane-like immunopositive staining. Conclusion: In this study, the expression of NF-κB, Hsp70, and TNF-α in the swine urinary bladder was determined in epithelial cells of tunica mucosa and smooth muscle cells of tunica muscularis. Based on the immunohistochemical findings, it was concluded that the enzymes and cytokines secreted by the cells forming the urothelium and detrusor muscle layer contribute to the biological process, intercellular communication, physiological state and play an important role in defense of the urinary bladder.

Occurrence and antibiotic susceptibility of Vibrio spp., Aeromonas spp. and Listeria spp. in seafoods

2022-03-01

Aim: In this study, it was aimed to determine the presence of Vibrio spp., Aeromonas spp., and Listeria spp. in finned fish and shrimps consumed in Turkey and the antibiotic resistance profile of the isolates using disc diffusion method. Materials and Methods: In the research, 300 seafoods obtained at different times were used as material. Following isolation by classical cultural method, classical PCR was performed to confirm the isolates at genus level and to identify at species level for pathogenic species. Results: Finfish and shrimp samples were contaminated with Vibrio spp., Aeromonas spp. and Listeria spp. with the rate of 19.4% (33/170), 14.7% (25/170), 4.1% (7/170) and 13.8% (18/130), 13.1% (17/130), 6.2% (8/130), respectively. Twenty-nine (9.7%) and 9 (3.0%) of the Vibrio spp. isolates were identified as V. parahaemolyticus and V. cholerae, respectively. Thirty (10%) of the Aeromonas spp. isolates were detected as A. hydrophila. L. monocytogenes and V. vulnificus was not detected in any of samples. Antibiotic resistance profile of the V. parahaemolyticus, V. cholerae, A. hydrophila and Listeria spp. isolates was streptomycin (71.4%), teicoplanin (71.4%), ampicillin (87.5%), teicoplanin (75%); streptomycin (80%), ampicillin (75%), cefixime (75%), penicillin (75%), sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (100%), tetracycline (75%); erythromycin (93.8%), vancomycin (81.2%), amoxacillin/clavulanic acid (78.6%), ampicillin (85.7%), cephalothin (92.9%), penicillin G (92.9%); and cephalothin (37.5%-42.9%), erythromycin (37.5%-42.9%), penicillin G (37.5%-42.9%), tetracycline (37.5%-42.9%), respectively. Conclusion: As a result, it is thought that fish and shrimp consumed in Turkey may be contaminated with pathogenic Vibrio and Aeromonas species, and antibiotic-resistant isolates may pose a risk to public health.

The effect of l-ergothioneine and fetuin on blastocyst development rates

2022-03-01

Aim: This study, it was aimed to determine the effect of L-ergothionine and Fetuin added to the culture medium on blastocyst development. Materials and Methods: The material of the study consisted of oocytes collected from the ovaries taken from the abattoir. Oocytes, which were incubated for 22 hours in maturation (IVM) medium, were kept in the incubator for 20-22 hours with semen in fertilization (IVF) medium. After the fertilization step, zygotes were transferred in to culture (IVC) drops with antioxidant (Grup 1: L-ergothionine (L-Erg) 0.05 mM (n:100), Grup 2: fetuin 1 mg/ml (n:100), Grup 3: control (n:120)). The 6th and 7th-day blastocysts development were checked. Differences in in vitro embryo production stages were evaluated with the Chi-square test. Results: It was determined that 299 (93.44%) of 320 oocytes were mature. It was determined that the maturation rates of the groups were 94%, 92%, and 94.17%, respectively. It was determined that the cleavage rates were 92.55%, 94.57%, and 92.04%. It was observed that 65 (21.74%) blastocysts were obtained from 299 zygotes taken into the culture stage, and the blastocyst rates in the groups were 45.74%, 11.96%, and 18.58%, respectively. It was determined that the statistical difference between L-ergothionine and the other two groups in blastocyst rates was significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: As a result, L-Erg was seen to improve blastocyst development rates. By investigating the use of L-Erg in different doses, it was thought that the dose can be used with the highest antioxidant activity in vitro embryo production and more blastocysts could be produced.

Determination of Salmonella spp. presence and antibiotic resistance in egg and egg products

Hilal Keskinoğlu, Göknur Terzi Gülel — 2022-03-01

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the presence of Salmonella spp. in egg and egg products and to determine antibiotic resistance profiles and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of isolates. Materials and Methods: A total of 200 samples including 100 eggs (35 village eggs, 35 conventional eggs and 30 organic eggs) and 100 egg products (30 egg powders, 70 pasteurized liquid eggs) were collected from Samsun, Turkey. Eggshell and egg contents samples were processed separately by pooling three eggs together. The isolation and identification of Salmonella spp. was done according to the method proposed by ISO 6579. The antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella spp. isolates to various antibiotics and MIC values was performed by VITEK 2 compact system using VITEK 2 AST-GN38 cards. Results: Salmonella spp. were found in two of 100 (2%) eggs (organic egg contents) and one of 100 (1%) egg products (pasteurized liquid egg). A total of 11 isolates were confirmed by PCR techniques as Salmonella spp. with the presence of oriC gene. The highest resistance was against amikacin, enrofloxacin, gentamicin, tobramycin, cephalexin (100%), followed by nitrofurantoin (81.8%), tetracycline (63.6%), ampicillin (54.5%), piperacillin (54.5%), cefpodoxime (54.5%), and imipenem (9.09%). However, there was no resistance to amoxicillin, marbofloxacin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. The results showed that 11/11 (100%) of Salmonella spp. from three sample showed multi-drug resistance against three or more antibiotic agents. Conclusion: It is recommended to implement good hygiene practices, good production practices and pasteurization techniques to minimize the risk of Salmonellosis due to the consumption of eggs and egg products.

Evaluation of beef supply based on hot carcass data: The case of Burdur province

Cevat Sipahi, Ahmet Cumhur Akın, Aykut Asım Akbaş — 2022-03-01

Aim: In this study, it was aimed to reveal the beef supply structure throughout the province by examining; the hot carcass weights, cattle age, cattle breed, sex, etc. data of the cattle slaughtered in Burdur province. Materials and Methods: The material of the study consists of the data of the Gucbirligi Inc. slaughterhouse, which has an average of 50% of the cattle slaughter carried out throughout the province of Burdur over the years. In this context, the data of 52,677 cattle slaughtered between the months of 2014/1 - 2018/9 and whose information is not missing were included in the study. Data were evaluated with the Independent Sample t-Test or ANOVA in terms of the number of groups, and the Tukey Multiple Comparison Test was used to control the significance of the relationship between the subgroups. Results: According to the analysis results, although different cattle breeds are slaughtered in Burdur province, Holstein and Simmental breeds constitute 88.61% and 8.31% of the slaughter, respectively. As the slaughtered animals were examined according to gender, it was determined that the female animals were 32.23% and the male animals were 67.77%. It was determined that the number and year-end total carcass weights (hot carcass) of the cattle sent to the slaughterhouse decreased continuously by 60.32% and 67.08%, respectively, between 2014 and 2017. Conclusion: In the general production structure of Burdur province, dairy cattle breeding is the main branch of activity, while fattening beef cattle breeding is carried out as a complementary production branch to support dairy cattle breeding. In this context, it is predicted that increasing the number of enterprises specialized in cattle breeding in Burdur will contribute to the producers' minimization of risks by increasing production diversity and to a significant increase for production in the province. The results obtained from this study show that maintaining the sustainability and stability in the amount of meat and milk produced in the region depends on the price, cost and support policies that ensure the continuity of dairy cattle.

Computer-aided three dimensional morphometric measurements of cervical vertebrae variations compared with manual measurements in throughbred horses

2022-03-01

Aim: The aim of this study was to create three-dimensional (3D) models of each cervical vertebra with computed tomography (CT) images; to determine the morphometric parameters of each cervical vertebra with manual and digital measurement methods; to compare the accuracy between the two methods. Materials and Methods: The last five cervical vertebrae of four male thoroughbred horses were used for morphometric analyses. All vertebrae were scanned with 256-multidetector CT device. 3D reconstructed models were acquired with 3D slicer software. Twenty-three morphometric parameters were calculated on 3D models and manually by using a digital caliper. Results: Measurement methods*Cervical vertebra interaction term was found statistically significant for height of vertebra, external and internal width of the cranial articular process, width of the vertebral fossa, height of transverse foramen, height of cranial and caudal vertebral notch, and width of the pedicle (p<0.001). The length of the vertebral body was decreasing from third to seventh cervical vertebra in both measurement methods but was not different between measurement methods*cervical vertebra interaction term (p=0.685). This study provided detailed comprehensive morphometric data to compare cervical vertebrae among each other. The digital information gathered with 3D approaches will give useful information for analysing anatomical variations. Conclusion: These morphometric data cannot only contribute to anatomic investigations but also provide database for surgical and orthopaedic researches or clinical interventions on this region of equine species.

An evaluation on coping with stress of Selcuk University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine students: Covid-19 pandemic process

Esra Çelik, Emine Merve Danış, Gökhan Aslım, Mustafa Agah Tekindal, Aşkın Yaşar — 2022-03-01

Aim: Declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020, Covid-19 has raised significant psychological concerns and physical problems in humans. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the methods of coping with stress of the SUFVM students with socio-demographic characteristics, experiences during the Covid-19 pandemic process, and professional career concerns. Materials and Methods: The research sample consisted of 644 students from the 1st-5th grades who continued their education at SUFVM in the 2019-2020 academic year and agreed to participate in the research. The research was carried out by filling in the questionnaire form sent to the participants? mobile phones between 14-22 December 2020 voluntarily. The questionnaire consisted of four parts in total, which determined socio-demographic characteristics, professional career concerns, and experiences with Covid-19, and measuring the style of coping with stress. Results: It was determined that SUFVM students used the most ?self-confident approaches? (%27) and the least ?seeking social support? (%13) sub-factors among the strategies to cope with stress, female students had higher ?helpless approaches? scores (%22) than male students (%21), and fifth-grade students had ?helpless approaches? scores were lower than the other classes, and the third-grade students had higher ?submissive approaches? scores compared to other classes. Conclusion: It can be said that the coping strategies SUFVM students use are mostly problem-based active styles, and they use passive styles related to emotions less, also it is very important for them to develop skills to cope with stressful situations such as the Covid-19 pandemic.