Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences - 2019; 35(1)

Effects of Coenzyme Q10 on Lipid Profile in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats

Deniz Uluışık, Ercan Keskin, Yasemin Öznurlu, Tuğba Özaydın — 2019-03-01

Aim: This research was carried out to evaluate the effects on lipid profile of Coenzyme Q10 in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: In the study, 38 adult male Wistar Abino rats were divided into five groups. Group I animals was no applied. Group II animals was intraperitoneally administered 0.3 ml corn oil daily and group III animals was intraperitoneally administered 10 mg/kg CoQ10 in 0.3 ml corn oil daily for four weeks. In group IV animals, diabetes was induced by subcutaneous injections of 40 mg/kg streptozotocin for two days as a single dose per day. In group V animals, diabetes was induced by same protocol applied to group IV and then these animals were intraperitoneally administered 10 mg/kg CoQ10 in 0.3 ml corn oil for four weeks. It was determined plasma triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, insulin and glucose levels in all groups. In liver sections, the staining intensity of hepatocytes containing lipid droplets were evaluated. Results: Experimentally diabetes increased triglyceride, cholesterol and LDL levels, while these parameters decreased with CoQ10 treatment to diabetic rats when compared to diabetic group (P<0.05). Plasma HDL level was lower in diabetic group and plasma HDL level with CoQ10 treatment to diabetic rats increased to diabetic group (P<0.05). It was observed an increase in the staining intensity of hepatocytes containing lipid droplets in diabetes group. However, these staining intensity decreased by administration of CoQ10 to diabetic rats. Conclusion: According to these results, it could be say that CoQ10 treatment recovered lipid abnormalities of diabetic rats.

Determination of effectiveness of commercial fishermens in 2014 in Turkey by data envelopment analysis

Ferhan Kaygısız, Atıf Evren — 2019-03-01

Aim: Considering the productive efficiency of large-scaled fishermen in Turkey and thus contributing to the increase of them is the main concern of this study. Materials and Methods: The records of Turkish Statistical Institute (TSI) about fishing vessels were used in order to analyze the research. These records include the economical inputs of 13m long and above fish-hunting vessels in Turkey, in 2014 as the production year. In the study, 107 vessels were determined by random sampling method. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) was used in order to evaluate the efficiency. In DEA, data was analyzed in accordance with the input-oriented, constant returns to scale model (CRS). Fuel-oil, labor force, repair and maintenance, victualing, ice-box, clothing, other expenses and fixed asset expenses were considered as input whereas fish income as an output. Results: The results of the analysis indicated that 27% of the fishermen were efficient. Suggested potential improving percentages were identified to be able to turn the inefficient fishermen to efficient. It was pointed out that if the percentages of fuel oil, labor force, repair and maintenance, victualing, box-ice, clothing, other and fixed expenses increase to 59.27%, 55.93%, 60.87%, 51.17%, 43.17%, 64.19%, 59.50% and 60.14% respectively, they would reach to an efficient level. Conclusion: Decreasing input expenses of fishery institutions and rising the rivalry, government stimulation and support should be continued to increase to solve problems. Moreover, alongside providing education to fishermen, fishery cooperatives can be empowered and encouraged to work actively to form an organization.

Effect of pimobendan on cytokine levels in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity

Burak Dik, Orhan Çorum, Ayşe Er — 2019-03-01

Aim: Doxorubicin (DOX) is used to treat various human cancers, but its use is limited due to its cardiotoxicity and heart failure effects. Pimobendan (PIMO) is used to treat heart failure. Although PIMO has been reported to suppress proinflammatory cytokines no studies have investigated the effect of PIMO on antiinflammatory cytokines in cardiotoxicity. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of PIMO on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 in the DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Materials and Methods: The 54 male Swiss mice were categorized as Control (n:6), DOX (n:24), and DOX+PIMO (n:24). The Control group received physiological saline solution intraperitoneally (IP) and gavage. DOX group received a single IP injection of 18 mg/kg DOX, and DOX+PIMO group received a single IP injection of 18 mg/kg DOX + 1 mg/kg PIMO SID for 5 days by gavage. Blood samples were collected from the heart by cardiac puncture under general anesthesia at 2, 24, 72 and 120 h following DOX administration. Cytokines levels were measured using ELISA. Results: This study showed an increase in proinflammatory cytokines and a decrease in antiinflammatory cytokines, dependent on DOXinduced cardiotoxicity. PIMO administration did not prevent TNF-α and IL-6 increase or IL-10 decrease. Previous studies have focused on the effect of PIMO on proinflammatory cytokines in cardiotoxicity, but no study has evaluated the effect of PIMO on IL-10 level. Interestingly, in the present study, PIMO did not increase IL-10 levels. Conclusion: It may be stated that PIMO has no protective affect against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity.

Fattening performance, slaughter and carcass characteristics of Bafra, Akkaraman and Bafra × Akkaraman F1 lambs at different slaughter weights

Büşra Yaranoğlu, Ceyhan Özbeyaz — 2019-03-01

Aim: The purpose of the research was to compare the fattening performance, slaughter and carcass traits of Bafra (B), Akkaraman (A) and Bafra × Akkaraman F1 (BAF1) lambs slaughtered at different slaughter weights. Materials and Methods: Datas were collected from 48 male ram lambs; which divided into 3 equal groups. At the beginning of the fattening, the lambs were approximately 20 kg of
live weight. The lambs were fed with concentrate mixture adlibitum and 300 g alfalfa hay per lamb, daily. After slaughtering, carcasses were divided into 7 pieces as hindlimb, foreleg, back, loin, neck, chest and the others. The pieces were dissected into lean, bone, fat and waste parts. Results: Akkaraman was found to be the highest daily weight gain (P<0,001) and the lowest feed conversation ratio in slaughtering animals (P<0,05). Although cold carcass weight
was the highest for BAF1 at 34 kg slaughter weight (P<0,05) and there were no differences between groups at 42 kg slaughter weight. While carcass weight was found to be highest
for BAF1 at 34 kg live weight (P<0,05); it was found to be highest for both BAF1 and Bafra at 42 kg slaughter weight (P<0,01). Carcass fat ratio for Bafra and BAF1 was significantly higher than Akkaraman for all slaughter weight groups (P<0,05). Conclusion: In terms of fattening performance, Akkaraman lambs had a significant superiority over Bafra and BAF1 groups. The weight of carcass and carcass meat weight in BAF1
group may give favorable results for the hybrid genotype in the fattening; therefore it is appropriate to continue the Bafra × Akkaraman crossbreeding.

Evaluation of encountered claw lesions in dairy farm (Brown Swiss) in Konya province

Hanifi Erol, Muharrem Erol, Fahrettin Alkan — 2019-03-01

Aim: In this study, it was aimed to evaluate and detect the claw lesions of Brown Swiss breed in a dairy farm, which in Konya city Seydişehir town and to provide the continuity of effective herd health. Materials and Methods: Eighty lame Brown Swiss cattle which part of the two hundred herd were used as material. The lame cattle was placed in foot trimming crush to check the condition of the foot and claw structures. Orthopedic claw trimming were done to all lame cattle. After orthopedic claw trimming, the horn and corium lesions were detected and treated. Results: After lameness examination and orthopedic claw trimming, claw lesions were detected in one foot of 21 (26.5%) cattle, and more than one foot in 59 cattle (73.5%) . The detected lesion of 61% were horn lesions, and 39% were corium lesions. The eleven animals with severe claw lesions were referred for slaughtering and 69 animals were treated. Conclusion: The incidence of foot diseases was found 40% in the dairy farm. The detected horn lesion incidence was found 61% and it was very high. Therefore, in order to eliminate this situation, it has been suggested to the enterprise to go the radical changes on the management, and periodic claw trimming should done three times in a year by experienced persons.

Comparison on diagnostic results of clinical, radiological and computed tomography of stifle joint in dogs

Nil Aracı, Mustafa Arıcan — 2019-03-01

Aim: It is aimed to compare clinical, radiological and computed tomography findings of knee joint lesions in terms of diagnosis. In addition, early diagnosis of cranial cruciate ligament defects were assessed for effectiveness of computed tomography. Materials and Methods: 12 medium / large dogs with different breed, sex, age and breed were used as study materials. After the clinical examinations, Hudson Visual Analogue Scale and Canine Brief Pain Inventory were performed. In dogs, a force platform was used to measure unequal weight distribution in the extremities. Three positions of radiographic examination (standing cranio-caudal (CrCa), medio-lateral (ML), tibial compression mediolateral (ML)) was performed. For this purpose, mobile x-ray machine and fixed x-ray equipment were used. Computed tomography was used for tomographic examinations. Statistical analysis of the obtained data was expressed as %. Walking, pain and force platform results of arithemtic averages were used. Results: The problematic extremity was determined for according to the results of clinical examination and force platform of the cases. In some cases, pressure over the ligamentum collaterale mediale level showed that joint effusion on the extremity. Cranial displacement of tuberositas tibia was noted with the tibial compression test. Condylus medialis and lateral femoris were markedly narrowed with radiographically, art. genu of two cases were detected osteophytic production. In most of the cases, cranial rotation of the tibia was seen. Osteophyte production were identified in 1 case with computed tomographic examination. Conclusion: Especially for the identification of osteophytic production, cranial displacement of tuberosity tibia, diagnosis of patellar luxation in in Art. genu could be diagnosed by x-ray. Diagnosis of patellar luxation and cranial displacement of tibia is also observed with CT scan directly. But, CT is useful in revealed for knee joint problems. However, the taking of the sections, the modernization of the instrument should always affects the visuality.

Isolation and identification of Enterococcus durans and Enterococcus hirae from mastitic cattle milks

Elif Kaya, Süheyla Türkyılmaz — 2019-03-01

Aim: In this study, it was aimed to isolation and identification of Enterococcus durans and Enterococcus hirae which are frequently mixed with each other due to very high 16S rRNA similarity from mastitis cow milk samples and also to determine antibiotic resistance profiles of isolates. Materials and Methods: The study material was consisted of 620 clinical or subclinical mastitis milk samples. Enterococci isolation was performed using conventional microbological methods and selective agars. Identifications based on genus and species were also confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Resistance against to eight antimicrobial agents was investigated by the disk diffusion method. Results: In the study 15.2% (94/620) Enterococcus spp. isolated; 9.6% (9/94) of them which were Enterococcus hirae and 5.3% (5/94) were Enterococcus durans. A total of 14 isolates were found to be susceptible to ampicillin, penicillin, vancomycin, ciprofloxacin and chloramphenicol. 57.1% (8/14), 42.9% (6/14) and 21.4% (3/14) were resistant to tetracycline, erythromycin and gentamycin, respectively. Conclusion: It has been concluded that the polymerase chain reaction using species-specific primers is useful for the identification of frequently isolated enterococci from mastitic cattle milk samples. More attention should be paid to enterococci species other than Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium and the monitoring of antimicrobial resistance should not be restricted to these two main species. Studies on the identification of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance genes of these two enterococci are thought to contribute to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of these microorganisms.

Investigation of the in-vitro effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei on biofilm genes of methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus

Hikmet Dinç, Mehmet Demirci, Akın Yiğin — 2019-03-01

Aim: Staphylococcus aureuss biofilm ability which control via icaA and icaR gene is a serious problem in the treatment of infections. Aim of this study was to investigate in-vitro effects of important probiotic L. acidophilus and L. casei on the icaA and icaR genes expressions of the MRSA and MSSA strains. Materials and Methods: In this study, to determine the icaA and icaR gene expressions, 6 tubes in probiotics were prepared. Incubated at 37°C in 5% CO2 medium. RNA isolations were performed at the 6th, 12th, and 24th hours of incubation. After cDNA synthesis, real-time PCR with primers specific for icaA, icaR and 16S rRNA genes were studied. The results were calculated with delta delta Ct method. Results: S. aureus ATCC 43300 (MRSA) and S. aureus ATCC 29213 (MSSA) icaA gene and icaR gene expressions showed down regulation and upregulation respectively after encountering L. acidophilus and L. casei. The icaA and icaR gene expression ratios determined at 12 hours and 24 hours were found to be similar in both MRSA and MSSA strains. Conclusion: This study was the first study to investigate effect of L. acidophilus and L. casei strains on biofilm gene expression of the S. aureus strains by the real-time PCR method. It was determined that L. acidophilus and L. casei were able to alter icaA and icaR gene expression by affecting the MRSA and MSSA strains in-vitro. We believe that the antibiotic properties of these probiotic strains may be a new treatment option against S. aureus biofilm infections.

Investigation of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in Labidochromis caeruleus and Xiphophorus hellerii

Mustafa Ünal Boyraz, Muhammet Yaşar Dörtbudak, Muhammet Bahıttin Dörtbudak — 2019-03-01

Aim: "Labidochromis caeruleus" and "Xiphophorus hellerii" are commercially important aquarium ornamental fish. The aim of this study, upon the discovery that these species died by showing various clinical signs in optimum conditions and standard feding conditions, was to investigate the causes of death and to determine the problems that may be encountered in the field. Materials and Methods: In our study, five of Labidochromis caeruleus and Xiphophorus hellerii, which were grown as seven species of ornamental fishes and died with similar clinical symptoms were used. Because of the changes observed in the liver, macroscopically, liver dissection, and HxE staining were carried out respectively and examined by light microscopy. Results: Serosangioz exudate in the abdomen, anemi, livers yellow-brown, lipidosis with inflammation, excessive growth, crispandeasily degradable consistency, bluntends and petechial hemorrhage foci were observed. Microscopically seen that the hepatocyte cytoplasms were filled by large oil droplets with macro and micro vesicular. Fatty changes in liver cells are widely distributed from central veins toward hepatocytes in the middle of the lobule and periportal areas. Conclusion: The histopathological changes in the liver were investigated and under optimum conditions and standard feding conditions, and the sensitivities of these commercially important aquarium ornamental fishes were determined against market baits. It has been concluded that the sespecies can be a model organism for studies on fatty liver thanks to widespread/clear visualization of fatty liver and observation of a case of steatohepatitis, which is an important health problem and has not been previously reported for Labidochromis caeruleus and Xiphophorus hellerii species.