Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences - 2017; 33(2)

The distrubution of immune system cells in bursa of Fabricius of partridge (Alectoris chukar)

Mehmet Erdem Akbalık, Serkan Erdoğan, Berna Güney Saruhan, Hakan Sağsöz — 2017-06-01

Aim: The bursa of Fabricius is a primary lymphoid organ restricted to birds that is responsible for the proliferation and differentiation of B lymphocyte precursors within its follicular structure. In the process of creating a functional B lymphocyte, the cells acquire the necessary receptor property to recognize the antigen, major histocompatibility complex and adhesion molecules in this organ. The purpose of this study is to determine the localization and distribution of CD8, CD68, MHC-I and II-positive cells in bursa of Fabricius of partridge. Materials and Methods: In this study, some immune cells localization in bursa of Fabricius of 10 adult chukar partridge (5 male and 5 female) were examined on the level of light microscope by using immunohistochemical methods. Results: It was revealed that in general CD8, CD68, MHC-I and II-positive cells were localized in lamina propria and cortex and medulla of lymph follicles. In contrast, no immunoreactivity was observed in the muscle layer. Conclusion: The expression of these factors playing a role in immune response is thought to provide contribution for immunological studies in avian species.

Contamination with Escherichia coli of homemade fresh butter in rural areas of Ferizaj and Gjilan in Kosovo

Enver Bajrami, Kapllan Sulaj — 2017-06-01

Aim: It was aimed to evaluate level of contamination of Escherichia coli in homemade fresh butter in some rural areas in Kosovo. Materials and methods: A hundred eighty seven butter samples were analyzed inoculating diluted volumes in selective agar plates containing 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl- ß-Dglucuronic acid (BCIG). The further identification of isolates was performed using other media and some additional biochemical tests as well as API 20E strips are used for identification of E. coli isolates. Results: This research was carried out in 2014 to evaluate the number of β-glucuronidase-positive Escherichia coli in homemade fresh butter samples collected by families in rural areas of regions; Gjilan and Ferizaj in Kosovo. This analytical check concluded that 34% (64/187) of fresh butter samples were contaminated with E. coli. The high number of E. coli was detected in 22% (20/189) butter samples collected in rural areas of Ferizaj. In total, 36 out 187 butter samples or 19% showed values of E. coli higher than 5log cfu/g. Conclusions: Homemade fresh butter produced from fresh cows milk in rural areas of Kosovo is commonly contaminated with different kinds of microorganisms as well as by pathogenic strains of E. coli. The poor hygienic home conditions in some rural areas in Kosovo have impact in the butter quality and are associated with the increasing number of E. coli.

Investigation of Chlamydophila abortus in abortion of cattle by PCR

Zeki Aras, Zafer Sayın, Gökçenur Sanioğlu Gölen — 2017-06-01

Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate Chlamydophila abortus in fetal abomasal contents of cattle from Aksaray and Konya provinces by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Materials and Methods: A total of 65 fetal abomasal contents of cattle that were sent to Veterinary Diagnostic laboratories of Aksaray and Selçuk Üniversities from Aksaray and Konya provinces were used as sample. The occurrence of Chlamydophila abortus was investigated by PCR methods. Results: A total of 65 fetal abomasal contents of cattle were examined by PCR. Two (3%) fetal samples were found to be positive for C. abortus. In 63 (97%) samples, DNA of C. abortus were not detected and accepted to be negative. Conclusions: In this study, abortion cases due to C. abortus in cattle were showed in Aksaray, Konya region. In taken prevention, measures for bovine abortion cases in this region should be aware of C. abortus aetiology.

Effectiveness of bovine immunoglobulin G against Salmonella infections in mice

Hasan Hüseyin Hadimli, Gökçenur Sanioğlu Gölen, Zafer Sayın — 2017-06-01

Aim: This study was aimed to determination of effectiveness of the bovine Immuneglobuline G (IgG) against Salmonella infections caused by Salmonella Dublin, S. Typhimurium, S. Kentucky or S. Anatum. Materials and Methods: Cattle were immunized with inactive monovalent, bivalent and combined Salmonella vaccines, three times at 21 days intervals. Immunized cattle blood samples were collected at 10 days after last vaccination and titres of IgG to Salmonella antigens were measured micro Serum Agglutination Test. A total of 100 mice (total 10 vaccine groups and each group included 10 mice) were challenged with Salmonella strains by oral route. After challenge, IgG to mice were administrated by oral route. Mice were observed for occurence of morbidity and mortality for 20 days. Also, feacal samples were analyzed to determination influence of IgG on spread of Salmonella species by feaces. Results: The antibodies titres in blood of immunized cattle were found to be high than before vaccination and controls. The numbers of morbidity and mortality in groups of vaccine were determined as 9 in combined vaccine (6 in S. Dublin, 2 in S. Typhimurium and 1 in S. Kentucky), 3 in bivalent vaccine (in S. Typhimurium), and 2 in monovalent (1 in S. Anatum and S. Kentucky). The re-isolation number of Salmonella strains were lower from internal organs and feacal samples of mice in all groups. Conclusions: In conclusion, it was observed that IgG of immunized cattle is can be useful for protection against Salmonella infections, but limited.

Determination of parasites at cultured and captured fishes in Seyhan Dam Lake in Adana

Hakan İnce, Uğur Uslu — 2017-06-01

Aim: This study was carried out in order to determine the parasites in fish cultivated in Seyhan Dam Lake, Adana province. Materials and Methods: In this study, examples of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) farming at cage, carp (Cyprinus carpio), freshwater bass (perch) (Sander lucioperca), shiraz (Capoeta sp), and velvet fish (Tinca tinca) fishing at Adana Seyhan Dam Lake were taken every month for a year. These samples were brought to Adana Veterinary Control Institutes Parasitology laboratory and were examined using the methods the parasitological diagnostic screening of ecto and endo parasites. Results: 68 fishes (21.32%) of 319 fishes infected with at least one parasite were detected. Infestation rates by fish species; as of rainbow trout 3.33%, 46.58% carp fish, fresh water bass 10%, shiraz fish 30.3%, velvet fish 8.33% was calculated. Parasites at that study together with the rates of detection as follows: as ecto parasites Trichodina domerguei; % 3,76, Dactylogyrus minutus; % 9,09, D.sphyrna; % 8,15, Lernaea cyprinicae; % 0,31, as endo parasites Eimeria sp.; % 0,94, Asymphylodora tincae; % 2,52 and Ligula intestinalis; % 0,94. The highest infestation rate was in the spring with 30.11% at the seasonal assessment. The most parasites which were detected was the month of March with a rate of 32.26% per month, Months of January, April and May were followed it with the rate of 29.03%. Conclusions: The presence of common parasites in these fish in the same environment has resulted in a more careful protective system in the aquaculture system.

Pathological findings in acute and chronic copper toxicity in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum 1792) occurred by copper sulfate pentahydrate

Sema Öztürk, Hamdi Avcı — 2017-06-01

Aim: In this study, it was aimed an experimental model of acute and chronic copper toxicity in the form of rainbow trout with copper sulfate pentahydrate and investigate the clinic, macroscopic and microscopic findings. Materials and Methods: In the present study, thirty rainbow trout were divided into four groups: Two experiment [(Acute Group (Group I), n:10 - Chronic Group (Group III), n:10)] and two control groups [(Acute Control Group (Group II), n:5 - Chronic Control Group (Group IV), n:5)]. Copper sulphate pentahidrate was given 2 mg/L for a 5 days and 0.5 mg/L for a 21 days in Group I and III, respectively. Results: Macroscopically, livers were swollen and had dark red color in Group I. Gills were oedematous. In Group III, liver had remarkable pale color. Gill were pale and skin was covered by mucous. In Group I, the most salient microscopic finding was seen in the liver. Degenerations were seen widely in hepatocytes. In the gills, epithelial necrotic changes with vascular lesions including edema, hyperemia and hemorrhage were observed. In the kidney, there were degeneration and eosinophilic hyalin droblets with variable sized in the cytoplasm of tubular epitheliums. Liver had diffusive degenerations in Group III. Hepatocyte nucleus has remarkable vesicular appearance in all findings. There was obvious thickness caused by hyperplasia in the gills. There was an increase in the number of mucous cell and hydropic degeneration on epithelial cells in the epidermis of the skin. Conclusion: As a result, it is recommended to consider the concentration of copper sulfate pentahydrate in water in rainbow trout aquaculture.

Efficiency of PGF₂α and PMSG applications on some reproductive parameters in Awassi ewes synchronized with FGA in breeding season

Ömer Faruk Akbaş, Ayşe Merve Köse — 2017-06-01

Aim: This study was conducted in Awassi ewes synchronized with FGA sponge in breeding season for comparison of PMSG and PGF2α administration effects on fertility parameters at the time of sponge withdrawal. Materials and Methods: In this study, 75 Awassi ewes were used. The vaginal sponges (20 mg, FGA) were applied to ewes for 10 days. At the time of sponge withdrawal, any injection was not applied in FGA I group (n:25). Cloprostenol (125 mcg) was applied in FGA II group (n:25), and PMSG (500 IU) and Cloprostenol (125 mcg) were applied by intramuscular injection to the ewes in the FGA III group (n:25). Results: The estrous start times were determined as 52.36±2.91, 38.53±2.53, and 31.30±1.96 hours in the FGA I, FGA II, and FGA III groups, respectively. In the FGA I, FGA II, and FGA III groups; the estrous rates, pregnancy rates, conception rates, abortion rates, the twinning rates, birth rates, and the litter size were detected as 88%, 72%, 88%; 64%, 60%, 84%; 72.7%, 83.3%, 95%; 18.75%, 33.3%, 28.6%; 12.5%, 6.6%, %28.5; 81.25%, 66.6%, 71.4%; 115.3%, 110%, and 140%, respectively. There was statistically significant difference between groups in terms of estrous start time (P<0.001), while no statistical difference was found between the other fertility parameters (P>0.05) Conclusions: It was concluded that the sexual cycles could be solely synchronized by FGA sponges during breeding season, and the adding PGF2α and PMSG to the program during the time of sponge withdrawal did not affect on other fertility parameters except estrous start time.

The effect of the stabilizer mixture containing konjac gum on the some quality properties of Kahramanmaraş type ice cream

Kemal Kaan Tekinşen, Yusuf Biçer, Yasin Akkemik — 2017-06-01

Aim: The research was carried out to determine the effect of stabilizer mixtures containing konjac gum on some qualities of Kahramanmaraş type ice cream. Materials and Methods: This study consisted of a control group which included a salep mix (0.7%) and trial groups including 0.55% stabilizer mix (with 10%, 15% and 20% konjac gum) were created. The ice cream mixes were analyzed before production; the ice cream samples were analyzed on days 1, 15, and 30 of storage period after production. Results: Konjac gum increased the viscosity levels of the ice cream mixes (P<0.05) in direct proportion to the amount in the mix. It was determined that the stabilizer mix containing 10% of konjac gum increased the overrun of the ice cream mix significantly (P<0.05) compared to the mix containing salep, while the overrun levels for the stabilizer mixes with 15% and 20% konjac gum were similar to the salep mix. Total melting times of the ice creams revealed that the stabilizer mix containing 20% konjac gum melted approximately 3 minutes later than the salep group, and that the 15% mix produced similar results with salep. An evaluation of all the scores after sensory analyses determined that the group produced with the stabilizer mix containing 15% konjac gum was significantly better (P<0.05) than the mix containing salep. Conclusions: It was determined that the use of a stabilizer mixture of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, locust bean gum and carrageenan combination with 15% konjac gum, at 0.55% level, in Kahramanmaraş type ice cream could be an alternative to salep mixture.

Determination of microbiological quality characteristics of Bonito Fish (Sarda sarda) stored at different temperatures

Duygu Balpetek Külcü — 2017-06-01

Aim: This study was carried out to determine microbiological quality characteristics of Bonito Fish (Sarda sarda) stored at different temperatures. Materials and Methods: In this study; Bonito fishes obtained from Giresun, were stored at 0°C, 2°C and 4°C as their internal organs were removed and unremoved. Microbial quality characteristics of Bonito fish were investigated microbiologically by counting total mesophilic aerobic bacteria count (TMAB), total psychrophilic aerobic bacteria count (TPAB), Enterobacteriaceae spp. bacteria count of experimental samples at the beginning (day 0), days 3, 5 and 7 of the preservation period. Results: Less microbial growth was observed in the samples whose internal organs removed than stored as a whole, kept at different temperatures in refrigerator conditions. However, they lost the property of being consumable on the 5th day when samples were kept as a whole according to TMAB values, and it was found that level of consumption exceeded on the 7th day when samples kept at 0°C and 2°C, and on 5th day when samples kept at 4°C for samples whose internal organs removed. Conclusions: Existing microorganisms in the environment causes the primary infection in the intestinal contents, gills, and skin of the fish; while seconder infection may occur during transport, processing and marketing period. This may result in deterioration of fish and foodborne poisoning. From a microbiological point of view, quality is an important issue for aquatic products because of their easy degradability. For this reason, all phases starting from the fish hunting stages to the procurement of the consumer must be carefully examined and inspected.

Three-dimensional reconstruction of the spinal cord of thoroughbred

Durmuş Bolat — 2017-06-01

The aim of this study was to three-dimensional reconstruction of cervical part of the spinal cord of a thoroughbred horse using its histological sections with the help of 3d reconstruction module of stereo investigator. Scanned images using Office flatbed scanner were opened as image stacks in stereo investigator. Considering real measurements of the segments, borders of the gray and white matter and central canal were drawn by planimetric methods. This procedure was performed on all consecutive sections. All drawn lines of segments were matched to each other using mentioned software. Finally, three-dimensional reconstruction of segments was obtained using 3D reconstruction module. Surface area, cross-sectional area and volume of the segments were calculated by Neurolucida explorer software. Obtained results from 3D models were given in tabular form. It is thought that obtained three-dimensional models possessed real measurements of the segments contribute to anatomy of region of interest, can be used as digital education materials and obtaining solid materials exporting three-dimensional models to 3D printers improve the quality of education and training in anatomy.

Sustained polymorphic ventricular tachycardia in a calf

Amir Naseri, Merve Ider, Mahmut Ok — 2017-06-01

Sustained polymorphic ventricular tachycardia is a type of ventricular dysrhythmias which originated from more than one focus in ventricle and may lead to fatal arrhythmias like as ventricular fibrillation and sudden death. A seven days old female Holstein calve was referred to the Large Animals Hospital of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Selcuk University with a history of sudden collapse. Electrocardiography examination showed sustained polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. Cardiac damage suspicion confirmed by elevation in serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) concentrations as cardiac damage enzymes.