Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences - 2016; 32(3)

Scanning electron microscopic study on the structure of the lingual papillae of the Karacabey Merino sheep

Mehmet Can, Şükrü Hakan Atalgın, Sevinç Ateş, Lütfi Takçı — 2016-09-01

Aim: It was aimed to determine the scanning electron misroscopic structures of the lingual papillae in Karacabey Merino Sheep in this study. Materials and Methods: Ten male young Karacabey Merino Sheeps were used. Tissues were received from the dorsal, ventral and ventro-lateral surfaces of the apex, body and root of of the tongue. Tissues were examined by scanning elecron microcopy (SEM). Results: Filiform, lentiform and conical papillae were observed three types as mechanical papillae and fungiform and vallate papillae were observed two types as gustatory papillae on the tongue in Karacabey Merino Sheep. The filiform papillae were present on the apex and body of the tongue, in addition randomly determined lateral surface of the apex. The conical papillae were round base and had a blunt tip and these papillae differed from the filiform papillae with their larger size and absence of the secondary papillae. The fungiform papillae round in shape and mushroom-like, scattering among the filiform papillae on the dorsal surface of the apex, body and the root of the tongue. The lentiform papillae were determined in two types. While the pyramidal-shaped type I lentiform papilla had a pointed apex, the round-shaped type II lentiform papilla had a blunt apex. The vallate papillae were defined bud ditch and a thick annular pad. Conclusions: It was determined that Karacabey Merino sheep linguae were equiped with lots of papillae with different morphologic features. Lingual papillae of Karacabey Merino sheep had mechanical function which similar to Jamunapari goat, Saanen Goat, sheep.

Morphometric features of the mandible of Malakan Horse according to gender

İftar Gürbüz, Yasin Demiraslan, Filiz Gülbaz, Kadir Aslan — 2016-09-01

Aim: In the study it was aimed to determine in terms of gender morphometric values of adult Malakan Horse mandible. Materials and Methods: In the study, 5 male and 5 female Malakan Horses mandibles were used. After dissecting skin and superficial muscles of mandible, it was maceration by boiling. Thirty-four measurements were obtained from mandible by digital caliper. Results: Result of the study, the average of lenght (U1) of male Malakan Horse mandible was calculated as 393.64±2.41 mm, the average of mandible height (U21) 253.20±4.56 mm, the average of length of female Malakan Horse mandible 394.70±1.37 mm, the average of mandible height 249.65±0.99 mm. It was seen that the differences in only distance of two coronoid process (U25) was significant in statistical analysis presented between the genders (P<0.05). Conclusion: It is concluded that morphometric measurements except the distance of two coronoid process (U25) in the mandible of Malakan Horses can not be used in gender differentiation.

The evaluation of signboards and facades of the clinic and policlinics of veterinarians and animal hospital

Aşkın Yaşar, Gökhan Aslım — 2016-09-01

Aim: In the study, it was aimed to evaluate the signboards and facades of the clinic, policlinics and animal hospitals which veterinarians work in terms of the legislations for veterinarians. Materials and Methods: The materials of the study included the pictures of the signboards and facades of the clinics, policlinics and animal hospitals which were shot by the final year students of Selçuk University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine after obtaining consents in 36 provinces in academic year of 2012-2013. In the study, a form to process the data of the working places was used. The images of the photographed 378 signboards and 378 facades were analyzed and evaluated in accordance with the legislations of veterinarians. Results: It was determined that the photographs of signboards and facades included 350 clinics, 22 policlinics and 6 animal hospitals; 287 of them were about the enterprises which serve to farm animals, and 91 of them were for pet animals. In the signboards which were analyzed, it was found that more than two colours were used, different animal figures were employed and there was no general standard; the labels of feed and forages, expressions in the languages except Turkish and expressions that may lead to unfair competition were found in the images of the facades. Conclusions: In conclusion, it can be said that the provisions about the basic information related to signboards exist in the legislations of veterinarian while no regulations were made for the sizes, typefaces and logo samples; it would be useful for the Turkish Veterinary Medical Association and the Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock to set a standardization on the regulations for signboards and facades on legal footing through cooperation.

Status of the A class certified zoos and aquariums in Turkey

Ahmet Selçuk Özen — 2016-09-01

Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the statues of A class certified Zoos and Aquariums in Turkey, which are playing important role in veterinary, zoology and zootechnics sciences. In addition, to suggestions to establish a contemporary institution Materials and Methods: In this study, the status of A class certified Zoos and Aquariums, established according to operational procedures and principles of the “Animal protection Law Article 22 with regulation number 5199 act” dated August 11, 2007 and published in Official Gazette with number 26610 in Turkey, were detected by observations, interviews, small number of literature and internet records. Results: It was detected that eleven Zoos and Aquariums with A class certifications were established until the date of August 6, 2014 in Turkey. The number of Zoos and Aquariums were established as four in Marmara region, three in Central Anatolia region, two in White Sea region and one each in Aegean and Southern East region of Turkey. Conclusions: It can be thought that Zoos in Turkey may have important roles in the protection of species. However, the duration time should be accelerated the transformation to contemporary Zoos

The general analysis of animals brought to Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology Department between the years 2010-2015

Mustafa Kemal Sarıbay, Gökhan Doğruer, Yaşar Ergün, Ayşe Merve Köse, Ece Koldaş — 2016-09-01

Aim: In this research, it was aimed to analyze the animals which brought to the clinics of Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology also the reasons of applications and the classification of the cases between 2010 and 2015. Materials and Methods: The number of animals and the reasons of applications were analized according to the data in the clinical examination books and classified according to the species. Total number of animal brought to the clinic between the years 2010-2015 was determined 168, 156, 110, 135, 111, and 148, respectively. The distribution of 823 animals according to species is found as cattle (cow+heifer) 44.08%, dogs 20.04%, ewes 16.18%, goats 13.52% and cats 6.15%. The most common reasons of getting animals to the clinics are pregnancy diagnosis and genital organ examinations in cows, pregnancy diagnosis and dystocia in ewes and goats, and pregnancy diagnosis and ovariohysterectomie cases in cats and dogs. Number of animals brought to the clinic did not changed yearly, but the numbers of species of animal brought to the clinic were similar, and also the most cause of getting to the clinic in all animal species was the pregnancy diagnosis. Conclusion: It may be concluded that the data of this study would contribute to obtain preliminary information for the student during choosing of veterinary faculty and would make help to researchers and the veterinary surgeon worked or thought to work in the region in this field.

Effect of long term heat stress and dietary restriction on the expression of small heat shock protein (sHSP) genes in rat liver tissue

2016-09-01

Aim: Investigation of the effects of dietary restriction on expression of certain small heat shock protein (sHSP) genes at mRNA level in liver tissue of rats reared under long-term heat stress. Material and Method: Sprague-Dawley rats (n=24) 10 weeks of age, were equally divided into four groups. Group I and II were kept at an ambient temperature of 22°C, while Groups III and IV were reared at 38°C. Groups I and III were fed ad libitum, while Groups II and IV were fed 60% of the diet consumed by their ad libitum counterparts. The treatment continued for 9 weeks. At the end of the treatment, liver tissue samples were taken. Total RNA was isolated and mRNA expression level of the HspB1, HspB2, HspB5, HspB6, HspB8, Hsp10, Hsp11 and HspA1A genes were assessed by Real-Time PCR analysis. Results: Heat stress significantly up regulated mRNA expressions of HspB2, HspB8 and Hsp70 genes, while it did not change mRNA expressions of HspB1, HspB5, HspB6, Hsp10 and Hsp11 genes. Dietary restriction (DR) did not significantly affect the expression of HspB1, HspB2, HspB8 HspB10, HspB11 and Hsp70, while it increased mRNA expression of HspB6 gene. No interaction between treatments was observed. Conclusions: The results suggested that long term heat stress differentially affected the sHSP genes studied and DR had no affect on the heat stress mediated changes in the expression of sHSP.

Use of sage (Salvia triloba L.) and laurel (Laurus nobilis L.) oils in quail diets II. The effect on the oxidative status of serum and breast meat and on some serum biochemical parameters

Aziz Bulbul, Mustafa Evcimen, Sevcan Sevimli, Elmas Ulutas, Tuba Bulbul — 2016-09-01

Aim: The aim of this research was to determine the effects of separate and combination use of sage and laurel oils in quail diets at different levels on serum and breast meat oxidantantioxidant balance and on some serum biochemical parameters. Materials and Methods: A total of 800 mixed gender Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) were used in the study. The quail were divided into 10 groups each containing of 80 quails. The control group was fed with basic diet. Experimental groups were formed by adding 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg of sage oil; 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg of laurel oil, and 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg of sage oil+laurel oil mixture into the basic diet, respectively. The experiment was lasted for 5 weeks. Results: It was observed that serum and breast meat malondialdehyde level decreased in 400 mg/kg of laurel group, and laurel oil caused a linear effect on serum and breast meat malondialdehyde level and serum antioxidant activity. Serum triglycerides, total protein, cholesterol, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels were determined not to change in the experimental groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: It may be stated that the addition of laurel oil in quail diets suppressed oxidative stress by increasing serum oxidant activity.

Effect of single dose dexamethasone (0.1 mg/kg) on white blood cell counts and serum glucose levels in healthy ewes

Orhan Corum,, Burak Dik, Ayse Er — 2016-09-01

Aim: Aim of this research was to determine that effect of single dose dexamethasone (0.1 mg/kg, SC) on the white blood cell counts and serum glucose levels in healthy ewes. In addition, effects of dexamethasone on the other hemogram and serum biochemical values were evaluated. Materials and Methods: Totally healthy 8 Akkaraman sheep were received with 0.1 mg/kg (SC, single dose) dexamethasone. Blood samples were taken before (0. hour, control) and after treatments at 4, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 hours. White blood cell, red blood cell, platelet, hematocrit and hemoglobin levels were measured by hemocell counter, whereas serum glucose, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma glutamyltransferase, total protein, albumin, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein levels were determined by auto-analyzer. Results: Dexamethasone increased (P<0.05) white blood cell and glucose levels when compared to Control (0 hour), and higher levels of these values were monitored during 48 hours. In addition, statistically significance changes were determined in the total bilirubin, triglyceride and blood urea nitrogen concentrations, but these results were within reference range. Conclusion: It may be stated that dexamethasone increases white blood cell count and glucose levels in sheep and its effect may be determined during 2-3 days after treatments.

Determination of some blood parameters during pregnancy and lactation periods in healthy Akkaraman Kangal ewes

Nazli Ercan, Mustafa Kockaya, Yusuf Ziya Ograk — 2016-09-01

Aim: The aim of this study to investigate the influence in reproductive status on the serum concentration of biochemical markers and some macro elements in sera of Akkaraman Kangal ewes during late pregnancy and early lactation. Materials and Methods: Twelve Akkaraman Kangal ewes were included in this study. The sheep were raised under pasture conditions and without any dietary complementation. Samples were taken during late pregnancy and early lactation from each ewe. Serum concentrations of glucose, cholesterol, creatinine, triglyceride, alkaline phosphates, total protein, albumin, very low density lipoprotein, blood urea nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium were determined with analyzer. Results: In the ewes during lactation, the concentrations of alkaline phosphates, albumin and calcium were significantly higher (P<0.05) compared to the pregnant ewes. Conclusions: The study showed that increased alkaline phosphates, albumin and calcium levels may be induced mobilization of body reserves because of increasing milk synthesis in ewes during early lactation period and also without any dietary complementation. It will be helpful in nutritional supplements in ewes fed on pasture conditions during pregnancy and lactation periods.

Detection of methicilline resistant Staphylococcus aureus carrying mecC gene in mastitic milk samples of cattle in Turkey

2016-09-01

Aim: It was aimed to investigate the mecC gene in phenotypically methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), isolated from mastitic milk samples. Materials and Methods: This study was performed on 150 S. aureus strains isolated from mastitic cattle. Resistance to methicillin was determined by cefoxitin disc diffusion method and commercial PBP2a latex agglutination test. Detection of mecA and mecC gene in MRSA isolates were carried out by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Results: Twenty eight (18.6%) out of 150 S. aureus isolates were identified phenotypically as MRSA by cefoxitin disc diffusion test. Aglutination and mecA gen were detected in 21 (75%) MRSA isolates by latex agglutination test and PCR, mecC gene was determined in 7 (25%) MRSA isolates in all of which no positivity by latex agglutination test and mecA-PCR analysis was observed. Conclusion: mecC MRSA isolation rate was determined as to surprisingly be high in mastitic cattle in Turkey, and mecC gene should also be further analyzed for genotypic confirmation of MRSA isolates that already identified by phenotypic methods.

A study on chemical and microbiological properties of Kashar cheese produced without using starter culture

Abdullah Badem, Gürkan Uçar — 2016-09-01

Aim: It is aimed to research the change in chemical and microbiological properties of Kashar cheese produced without starter culture during ripening period. Materials and Methods: Fat rate of the raw cow milk was set as 3.0% and was heated to 37˚C and enzyme was added. After coagulum processing, press and fermantation stages, 0.1% of emulsifying salts and 1.5% of salt was added. Cheese was produced through a five-minute melting process at 65˚C. Cheese was packaged by vacuuming and was ripened at 8˚C for 90 days. In samples, dry matter was conducted with gravimetric, fat with Gerber, salt with Mohr and titration acidity with % lactic acidity. pH levels were tested by Nell pH meter. Samples are examined and evaluated statistically from the point of the TAMB, LAB, coagulase (+) S. aureus, coliform bacteria and mould and yeast. Results: Cheeses were ripened at 8˚C for 90 days and analyses were exercised on ripening period. According to results, pH value was found between 5.62-5.76, acidity 0.55-0.83L.a., dry matter 54.93- 58.04%, salt 1.22-1.37%, salt in dry matter 2.21-2.45%, fat 23.67- 25.33% and fat in dry matter 41.20-45.46%. Mean values of the enumeration of TAMB were determined between 5.17-5.75 log cfu/g, LAB 5.49-6.98 log cfu/g, mould-yeast 3.66-4.88 log cfu/g. S. aureus and Coliform group microorganisms were also analyzed, but weren’t detected. In this study samples were assessed and a difference was determined on titratable acidity (P<0.05), but no differences were determined on the others. Conclusion: It may be concluded that Kashar cheese can be produced without using starter culture and can be ripened.

Basal medium eagle solution may improve the post-thaw parameters of Kangal dog semen

Sukru Gungor, Mustafa Numan Bucak — 2016-09-01

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of BME on Kangal dog sperm parameters following the freezethawing process. Materials and Methods: Ejaculates were collected by digital manipulation twice a week. Ejaculates divided into six equal aliquots, and diluted with Tris-based extender (T) containing 5% glycerol (G) + BME 2.5% (TGB2.5), TG + BME 10% (TGB10), 5% ethylene glycol (E) + BME 2.5% (TEB2.5), TE + BME 10% (TEB10), TG and TE. Subsequently, the ejaculates were cooled to 4°C at 1.5 hours, and stored in liquid nitrogen (~-196°C). Results: The extender supplemented with 10% BME + 5% G resulted in higher progressive motility (23.19%), in comparison to the extenders supplemented with 5% EG (14.08%). Better sperm acrosome integrity was achieved with the use of the extender containing 2.5% BME + 5% G (44.99%), when compared to the use of the extender supplemented with 5% G (33.63%) (P<0.05). Conclusion: BME added to extender, may improve the postthawed sperm parameters on freezing of Kangal dog semen.

Parasites detected in Discus fishes (Symphsodon discus)

Nermin Işık, Feyzullah Güçlü, Onur Ceylan — 2016-09-01

This study was carried out to detect the reason of mortalities of 7 Discus fishes (Symphsodon discus) sent to our laboratory. In discus fishes, which death on the 20th day after birth showed pale gills, excess mucus production, lethargic swimming close to the surface, abnormal swimming behavior, balance loss and lethargy. The scrapes of the gills, fins and skin were examined for presence of parasitic fauna under a light microscope. Dactylogyrus sp. (Monogenea), Tetrahymena sp. (Ciliata), Vorticella sp. (Ciliata), Philodina sp. (Metazoa) were identified from all of the examined fishes.