Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences - 2016; 32(2)

Meta analytic study on detoxification of aflatoxin in poultry feed: An update

Halis Oguz — 2016-06-01

In this meta-analytical review in vivo experimental trials on inactivation of aflatoxin (AF) by using adsorbents and biological products as a feed additive in poultry feed are briefly summarized. For this purpose, 206 researches performed in 39 different countries were examined and listed by country of first author, with main results presented in their summary. The aim of this review is to present the results of the experiments for nutritionists in the feed industry and scientists and to provide a basis for total evaluation on the basis of regional results. For research on AF in poultry feed, it is preferable to evaluate the preventive efficacy of feed additives “as total” in terms of performance, biochemical-hematological, immunological and gross and histo-pathological parameters, comparing AF treated control diets with AF plus feed additive diets. Scientists can assess the preventive efficacy and practical usability of feed additives in more detail by following the titles of articles, associate authors and/or materials and methods of related articles. In fact, for application in practice, focus on limiting AF contamination by optimizing harvesting and storage conditions should be stressed instead of expecting miracles from feed additives which have shown positive effects under experimental conditions.

Investigation of tetracycline residues in fish caught from surrounding fish farms in Muğla district

Erdinc Turk, Halis Oguz — 2016-06-01

Aim: Residue analyses of drugs and metabolites in the aquaculture are regularly conducted under the National Residue Monitoring Plan in Turkey. However, the research on the impact of these residues on the aquatic environment is limited. In this study, it was aimed to analyze the residues of tetracycline group antibiotics in fishes caught around fish farms in the Muğla district. Materials and Methods: Seventy fish samples collected from the vicinity of 70 different fish farms were used for analysis. Tetracycline residues in the fish were analyzed with the LC MS/MS method. Validation was performed with the criteria of specificity, linearity, recovery, precision and sensitivity. Results: Recovery values were determined as follows: Oxytetracycline 100.5%, tetracycline 101.3%, chlortetracycline 99%, and doxycycline 100.5%. At the end of the analyses, no tetracycline antibiotic residues were found. Conclusion: It can be expressed that no tetracycline residues were detected in the samples at the detectable limits is a satisfactory result in terms of public health and environment.

Effects of ginseng on antioxidant enzymes in rats fed cholesterol rich diet

Deniz Uluışık, Ercan Keskin — 2016-06-01

Aim: In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of ginseng on antioxidant enzymes in rats fed cholesterol rich diet. Materials and Methods: Rats were equally divided into three groups: control group, cholesterol group and cholesterol + ginseng group. The control group had fed as ad libitum with a standard rat diet for 40 days. The cholesterol and cholesterol + ginseng groups had ad libitum access to the same diet containing 5% cholesterol powder and 5% cholesterol + 1 g/kg panax ginseng root powder, respectively, for 40 days. On the 40th day of the study, blood samples were taken from all animals in each group. In plasma samples, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) levels were determined. Results: GSH and SOD levels significantly decreased with feeding high cholesterol diet compared to control group (P<0.05), while these parameters in cholesterol + ginseng group were not different from both cholesterol and control group. There was no difference among the groups in respect of TBARS, GPx and CAT levels. Conclusion: These results indicate that panax ginseng might be beneficial to reduce risk of hypercholesterolemia-induced oxidative stress.

Isolation and antibiotic susceptibility of microorganisms from dogs with otitis externa

2016-06-01

Aim: In this study, the determination of isolation of microorganisms and antibiotic susceptibility of isolated bacteria in ear swab samples collected from dogs with otitis externa were aimed. Materials and Methods: In this study, 58 ear swab samples were collected from 41 dogs with otitis externa. The microorganisms were isolated from the samples and identified by conventional bacteriological methods. The antibiotic susceptibilities of the isolates were determined by agar disc diffusion method. Results: While 64 microorganisms were isolated from 52 (88.66%) of the samples, pathogen microorganism could not be isolated from 6 (10.34%) samples. S. aureus (31.25%) was the most frequently isolated agent. Also, coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS) (14.06%), Streptococcus sp. (12.5%), Corynebacterium sp. (6.25%), Proteus sp. (4.68%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3.13%) and Candida sp. (28.13%) were isolated, respectively. All of the S. aureus, Streptococcus sp., Corynebacterium sp. and CNS isolates and 66.67% of Proteus sp. were susceptible to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. This bacterial isolates were found susceptible 65.22%, 52.17%, 47.83%, 43.48%, and 30.43% to enrofloxacin, amoxicillin and oxytetracycline, gentamicin, trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole and erythromycin, respectively. All P. aeruginosa isolates to enrofloxacin and gentamicin, and 50% of this isolates were susceptible to oxytetracycline. Conclusions: The differences in antibiotic susceptibility of the bacterial isolates shows that antibiotic susceptibility tests is necessary for treatment of dogs with otitis externa and yeasts should not be overlooked, due to high rates of Candida sp. isolation.

Effect of dexamethasone treatment on blood oxidative status and prostaglandin F2α metabolite levels in ram

2016-06-01

Aim: The first aim of this research was to determine the effects of dexamethasone on serum thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and plasma 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin-F2α (PGM) levels in healthy rams. In addition, effects of dexamethasone on the hemogram and biochemical parameters were evaluated. Materials and Methods: Single dose dexamethasone (0.5 mg/kg, SC) was administered to 10 rams. Blood samples were collected before (0. hour, Control group) and after drug treatment at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 hours. Serum TBARS and plasma PGM levels were measured with ELISA reader. Hemogram values were determined with hemacell counter, whereas biochemical values were measured with auto-analyzer. Results: Dexamethasone caused statistically not significant fluctuations in the serum TBARS levels while it did no effect plasma PGM levels. Dexamethasone increased (P<0.05) the white blood cell and serum glucose levels. Conclusion: It may be stated that dexamethasone has no distinctive antioxidant and anti-PGM effects in healthy rams; however, different effects of dexamethasone may be observed in the sick situation.

The determination of some morphological traits and phenotypic correlations of Turkish Hair goat (Kıl keçisi) breed reared in extensive conditions in Turkey

2016-06-01

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine body measurements, testicular characteristics and udder traits in Turkish Hair goat reared under the extensive conditions. Materials and Methods: The data were collected from 17 different flocks. 17 body measurements, 11 udder and 6 testis traits were recorded from 675 females and 63 bucks. Results: Live weight, withers height, chest girth, rump height, body length were detected as 51.2 kg, 74.8 cm, 86.8 cm, 75.8 cm and 80.6 cm, respectively in female Hair goats. Same measurements were determined to be 82.8 kg, 86.6 cm, 100.7 cm, 86.0 cm and 93.7 cm for males. Udder length, udder width, udder girth, udder depth, teat length, teat width and teat angle were detected as 7.5 cm, 10.1 cm, 36.1 cm, 18 cm, 5.8 cm, 2.6 cm and 49.3 grade, respectively. Scrotal circumference and scrotum length were determined as 29.9 cm and 20.5 cm respectively. The effects of area, flock and age were significant for all body measurements and udder traits (except sternum height and udder placement shape) for females (P<0.01-0.001). The highest phenotypic correlation was detected as 0.82 (female) and 0.87 (male) between live weight and chest girth (P<0.05). Conclusions: Morphological characteristics and the relative production traits of these were investigated in a very large population of traditional reared mature Hair goats.

Determining demographic characteristics of breeders and their knowledge of reproduction, herd health and hygiene issues in dairy farms in Malatya

2016-06-01

Aim: The aim of this research is to determine the demographic characteristics of breeders, their knowledge, skill and experience about reproduction, herd health, milking and udder hygiene as well as to find out field problems in dairy farms in Malatya. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, face-to-face interviews are applied in 80 dairy farm owners. Random sampling method is used in these farms having 50+ head. In statistical analysis, numerical percentage and frequency for each question was separately calculated by using SPSS statistical package programme. The chi-square test is used in between frequency comparisons in the selection of questionnaire. Results: In this study, it is identified that the ratio of estrus period from vaginal discharge is 63.8% and the ratio of first insemination heifers in the 15-16 months is 27%. It is calculated that the ratios of respondents who milking by machines, who disinfect the milking machine and the equipment, who clean the udders before and after milking is respectively 88.3%, 77.9% and 81.8%. In the present study, it is determined that there are many problems in breeding, herd health, reproduction-fertility, milking, milking parlour and udder hygiene in farms. Conclusions: It is thought that problems can be solved by enough training. General meetings, training seminars, face-to-face trainings with the employees, controlling farms and solving the problems on time is rather significant. Moreover, farm owners are suggested to have fulltime employment of veterinarians who can solve matters immediately and ensure proper production in modern circumstances.

Cryptosporidiosis in wild birds in Van

Özlem Orunç Kılınç, Nalan Özdal, Bekir Oğuz, Serdar Değer, Yaşar Göz — 2016-06-01

Aim: In wild and domestic birds, cryptosporidiosis is often associated with infections by Cryptosporidium galli, Cryptosporidium baileyi and Cryptosporidium meleagridis. A study was conducted to elucidate the prevalence of Cryptosporidium oocysts in free-living wild birds in Van, Turkey. Materials and Methods: Faecal samples were collected from 127 birds, with the following proportions of individuals: 69 Laridae (Larus michahellis), 32 Columbidae (Columba livia), 10 Anatidae (Anas spp.), 10 Numididae (Numida meleagris), 3 Eurasian eagle-owl (Bubo bubo), 1 Golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) and 2 Accipitridae. Faecal samples were examined using the formol-ether concentration technique with modified acid-fast stain using light microscopy. Results: Among the 127 fecal samples from wild birds, 37 (29%) were positive for the presence of oocysts of Cryptosporidium. Conclusion: This study was the first investigation of avian Cryptosporidiosis in Van, Turkey.

Zoophilia: An evaluation from perspective the holy religions, legislation and ethics

Ali Yiğit, Aşkın Yaşar — 2016-06-01

Aim: Zoophilia that known at 3000 BC in the history of mankind, found in different formats of communities for their beliefs and laws. In this study aimed to evaluate the status of zoophilia with the approaches of the holy religions and within the framework of animal protection legislation and animal ethics. Materials and Methods: The materials of this study are books of holy religions (the Torah, the Psalms, the Bible and the Quran) and interviews with the four different reverends of holy religions, historical studies on the issue and the current legal regulations. Holy books scanned and the available information was confirmed through interviews with the reverends. The existing legal texts on animal protection and the studies on subject were scanned and evaluated in terms of animal ethics. Results: Different degrees of zoophilic approaches were stated in considered holy religions and sects of the same religion guiding. Also its stated that there were differences in legislation between countries, such as in Brazil, Finland, Japan, and Hungary are considered legal as long as does not include the animal ill-treat; in France, the Netherlands, Hong Kong, and Turkey were absolutely prohibited. Conclusions: It can be said that zoophilia considered as an abnormal condition from moral, psychological, ethical and legal aspects, is can be seen in today (for the farm and pet animals) and this situation should be considered a sexual abuse because of the passive object of animals.

A case of iatrogenic urethral perforation in a seven-month-old male cat

Mehmet Maden, Celal İzci, Erdem Gülersoy, Kurtuluş Parlak — 2016-06-01

Seven-month-old male cat which had been applied an urethral catheterization in a private vet clinic was referred with anemnesis of dysuria to the Animal Hospital, University of Selcuk, Konya-Turkey. In this report, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches of iatrogenic urethral perforation which was defined on the basis of clinical, laboratory, radiographic and ultrasound findings in a male cat were evaluated. In the physical examination of the cat suffering from loss of apetite, dripping bloody urination and dysuria, dehydration and bladder distention were observed. The catheterization was performed to evaluate urinary outflow in our clinics, but urine output was not achieved. In the ultrasound examination, it was observed that the urinary catheter was located in ventral abdominal area and the thickening of bladder wall and also the bladder was observed as empty. Urinary catheter was viewed in ventral abdominal area in latero-lateral direct radiographic examination. In conclusion, it was decided to do experimental laparotomy due to pre-diagnosis of iatrogenic urethral perforation. Severe urethral injury and rupture were determined in penil urethral area, and urinary diversion was achieved by tube application from bladder to abdominal wall. After operation, the urinary output via tube was seen.

Estimation of mitral regurgitation by three methods in an asymptomatic Anatolian shepherd dog with degenerative mitral valve disease

Amir Naseri, Kürşad Turgut — 2016-06-01

An 8 years old male Anatolian shepherd dog (ASH) was referred to the Small Animal Hospital of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Selçuk University with a history of cardiac murmur. The diagnosis was asymptomatic degenerative mitral valve disease. The severity of regurgitation was quantified by the maximal ratio of the regurgitant jet area signal by color Doppler to Left atriun area (ARJ/LAA), the proximal isovelocity surface area (PISA) and the subtraction methods by Doppler examinations. The each quantification methods was valuable to assess the severity of disease in ASH with MR.