Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences - 2007; 23(1)

Isolation, Identification and Phenotypic Characterization of Lactococcus garvieae from Rainbow Trout (Onchyrnus mykiss) Fisheries in Konya Region

Kürşat Kav, Osman Erganiş — 2007-01-01

The aim ol this study was to determine isolation, identification and phenotypic characterization of Lactococcus garvieae which is cause of Streptococcosis in rainbow trout fisheries in Konya region. Between june 2002 and August 2004, 180 ill fish were obtained from 6 rainbow trout fisheries where the disease was observed. Out of the fish samples. 30 L garvieae isolates were isolated. API 20 Strep, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and classical bacteriological techniques were used the identification of agents. In conclusion, it has been determinated that the local L. garvieae strains were homogen and have capsule formations regard phenotypic characterizations.

Evaluation of Heavy Metal Pollution in the Water Resources of Van Province

Süleyman Alemdar, Sema Ağaoğiu, Mustafa Alişarlı, Semiha Dede — 2007-01-01

In the present study, heavy metal (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Cd, Cr, Ni and Co) levels of the water resources such as well, stream, fountain, tap and tank water obtained from the city of Van and its provinces were investigated For this purpose, from 100 locations, four times from each locations being at spring, summer, autumn and winter, 366 samples were used as material. According to results; Mn and Cd values in all water samples, Fe values taken from well and fountain samples obtained from city center and its provinces and Zn values taken from wells obtained from city center were not in accordance given in the Turkish Drinking Water Standards, Furthermore, Fe. Mn, Cd and Ni concentrations in fountain samples obtained from city center and its provinces, Mn, Cd and Ni in tap water samples, Mn and Cd in tank water samples and Ni levels in tank water samples obtained from towns were not appropriate given in the related regulations.

The effects of anatoxin and glucoraannan on some antioxidants and biochemical parameters in rabbits

Nurcan Dönmez, Ercan Keskin — 2007-01-01

In the study the effects of aflatoxin added to ration and used glucomannan to prevent allatoxin absorption on some biochemical parameters and antioxidants were studied in 40 New Zealand rabbits. The rabbits were separated to four groups as control (K), glucomannan (G), glucomannan + aflatoxin (AG) and aflatoxin (A). At the end of the ten weeks the MDA levels increased, GSH and SOD levels decreased (p<0,05) in A group compared with control group levels. Cholesterol, glucose, albumin and total protein lovels also decreased, AST and ALT levels increased in A group compared with control group. In the G group the former parameters were not affected by glucomannan application alone. On the other hand in the AG group MDA, GSH, SOD, cholesterol, glucose, albumin and total protein levels were higher, while AST and ALT levels were lower then control levels although these differences were not significant. In conclusion, the results determined in this study, might be important to demonstrate the effects of aflatoxicosis on some biochemical and antioxidant parameters at least applied dose of allatoxin and glucomannan.

The Effect of Heat Stress On Humoral Immnuity in Broyler Chickens

H. Hüseyin Hadimli, Kürşat Kav, Osman Erganiş — 2007-01-01

In this study, the effect of heat stress on humoral immunity against Newcastle (ND) and Infectious Bronchitis (IB) antigens was determined in broiler chicken after vaccination of ND and IB. Totally, 40 broiler chicks were divided into 2 groups as experimental and control. The broilers were mucosally and orally vaccinated with ND and IB vaccines at 1 and 17 days, respectively. Then they were treated at 38-39°C of heat stress between 15th and 30th days. Blood samples were collected from experimental groups at 10 days intervals, after vaccination. The titres of antibodies were determined against ND by Haemagglutination-lnhibition (HI) test and IB by ELISA. Decreased titres of antibodies against ND and IB antigens at 40 days samples were statistically found to be important in animals treated heat stress than controls.

An Experimental Study Evaluating on the Effects of Flunixin Meglumine and Mepiramine Maleate in the Prevention of Intraabdominal Adhesions in Rabbits

Fahrettin Alkan, Yılmaz Koç, İlhami Çelik, Muharrem Erol, M.Faruk Aydın — 2007-01-01

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of liunixin meglumine and mepyramine maleate in the prevention ol experimentally induced intraabdominal adhesions in rabbits. A total of 36 rabbits were used, and the animals were divided into 3 groups, each having 12 rabbits. The abdominal cavity of each animal was ac-cesed via a ventral midline incision of approximately 4-6 cm in length. Six longitudinal incisions of 2-4 cm in length were made on the left pentoneal surface and 1x2 cm area was excised from the right peritoneal surface. Group 1, 2, and. 3 were intraperitoneal^ administered 5 ml/kg of the physiologycal saline (0.9%NaCI solution), 1 mg/kg flunixin meglumine in 5 ml of the physiologycaf saline, and 2 mg/lcg mepyramine maleate in 5 ml of the physiologycal saline respectively following the laparotomy, and injections were continued for 5 days after laparotomy. Fourteen days after surgery, all rabbits underwent a new lapa ro torn i e (reîaparatomie) via a paramedian incision, in order to evaluate whether the presence and extend of the intraabdominal adhesions. The results suggested that the drugs used in this study significantly decrease the incidence and degree of the peritoneal adhesions when compared to the control (0.9%NaCI solution) group.

Effect of Replacement of Oats with Dried Sugar Beet Pulp on Digestibility in Horses

Emel Gürbüz, Behiç Coşkun — 2007-01-01

This research has been done in order to study the effects of molassed dried sugar beet pulp (MDSBP) supported by vegetable fat and soy bean meal instead of oat from the stand point of energy and protein on digestibility rate on horses. This research has been performed by using the 4x4 Latin Square method. The trail has been carried out in 108 days. Each period which is totally 27 days consists of 21 adaptation days and 6 digestion experiment days. In the trail, 4 different kinds of concentrated leed which is balanced within energy and protein were given to the control group, %12.5 MDSBP added group. %25 MDSBP added group and %37.5 MDSBP added group. In the amount of %1.2 of the live body weight. In the same way grass hay which is used as forage was also given in the amount off %1,2 of the live body weight. And by this way each horse was fed in the amount ol %2.4 of it's body weight. Although there are no differences according to diet in the live body weight and water consumption. No differences has been found in the digestion levels of the nutrient materials according to the diets in the digestion trails which were performed by classical and indicator method and performed in horses consuming four different diets. (P>0.05),

The Anatomical and Morphometrical Investigations on the Cisternal and Canalicular Segments of the Hypoglossal Nerve in Holstein Cattle

Sadullah Bahar, M. Orhun Dayan, Sadettin Tıpırdamaz — 2007-01-01

Aim: The purpose of this study is determined that anatomical and morphometrical characteristics of cisternal and canalicular part of the hypoglossal nerve in Holstein cattle. Material and Method: In this study, 24 heads of adult Holstein cattle which obtained from the slaughterhouse were used. Samples were fixated by using classical method and dissected in anatomy laboratory. Results: It was seen that hypoglossal nerve as 46,04+7,29 rootlets left from 10,36 +1,01 mm. in diameter hypoglossal line which placed 7,90 ± 0.54 mm in length from fissura mediana laterally onto level of the decussatio pyramidum in Holstein cattle. It was found out, at the end of cisternal course 9,23±1,50 in lenght, rootlets made up 7,90±1,75 bundles and these bundles penetrated into the dura mater via 2,29+0,68 points. Bundles which were surrounded by dura mater passed through 1,50+0,62 hypoglossal canals and then reached fossa condylaris ventralis. At this point these bundles were joined each others and composed of a nerve trunk. Conclusion: This study demonstrates comprehensively anatomical and morphometrical properties of cisternal and canalicular part of the hypoglossal nerve.

Arterial Vascularization of Testicles, Epididymis and Ductus Dcfereces in Chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera)

Aysun Çevik-Demirkan, Vurai Özdemir, İsmail Türkmenoğlu, Murat Akosman — 2007-01-01

The aim of this study was determined that arterial vascularization of testicles, epididymis and ductus de-fereces in Chinchilla. Five adult male chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera) varied between 550 g and 600 g live body weight obtained from Afyon Kocatepe University Experimental Animal Unit were used in the study. Blood was removed (rom arteria carotis communis and coloured latex was injected. The right arteria testicularis originated from the caudo-lateral aspects of the arteria renalis in 2 cadavers whereas it was from the arteria abdominalis approximately 2 mm alter the arteria renalis. The lelt arteria testicularis left from aorta abdominalis alter, approximately 4 mm from the arteria renalis sinister. It was observed that the arteria testicularis gave branches to testicles, caput and corpus epididymidis, and also a few thin branches to the cauda epididymidis. Arterial vascularization of cauda epididymidis and ductus deferences was supplied by the arteria ductus deferences that was originated from the arteria iliaca externa.

Morphology of end-branches of aorta abdominalis in chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera)

Aysun Çevik-Demirkan, Vural Özdemir, İsmail Türkmenoğlu, İbrahim Demirkan — 2007-01-01

Macro-anatomic structure of end-branches of aorta abdominalis in chinchilla was examined in this study. Five healthy, adult chinchilla obtained from the Experimental Animal Unit of Afyon Kocatepe University. After injecting latex, that coloured with red ink, into the arteria carotis communis, dissection was carried out under a loop. Arteria iliaca communis, arteria iliaca externa and arteria iliaca interna, and arteria sacralis mediana were examined. The end-branch of arteria abdominalis was divided into two divisions as arteria iliaca communis dexter and sinister. These branches were further divided into two branches as arteria iliaca externa and interna. Arteria umbilicalis became a ligament that was originated from arteria iliaca externa. Arteria abdominalis caudalis rooted from arteria iliaca externa in 2 cadavers but it was not the case in 3 cadavers. Arteria sacralis mediana originated from aorta abdominalis in 2 cadavers whereas it originated from arteria iliaca communis sinister in 3 cadavers.

Histologic and Histochemical Studies On The Palpebra Tertia of Akkaraman Sheep And Ram

Murat Boydak — 2007-01-01

The aim of the study was to determine histological structure of both nictitating membrane, itself and, its glands, to evaluate possible contribution to the local immunity of the eye itself and the basic histological knowledge to be used as reference out on local interventions. The periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), alcian blue pH=2.5 (AB) and PAS/AB at pH=2.5 combined staining was used to histochemical properties in the glands of the palpebra tertia (PT). It was observed that the PT of Akkaraman sheep and ram investigated had an T" shaped hyaline cartilage, so-called cartilago palpebra tertia (KPT) which was covered with the continuation of conjunctival epithelial tissue in the medial canthus in Akkaraman sheep and ram. The epithelia of the both palpebral and bulbar faces, and free marginal aspect of the PT were stratified squamous epithelium as in conjunctiva. Gil. palpebra tertia superficialis (GPTS) was observed as lobes surrounded by connective tissue capsule located around the KPT. Varying degrees of pigmentation was observed over the free margin, palpebral and bulbar aspects of the PT in Akkaraman sheep and ram.

Investigation of the Presence Of Salmonella and Shigella in Artesian Well Waters Used for Drinking in Bursa

Figen Çetinkaya, Recep Çıbık, Ece Soyutemiz — 2007-01-01

The study was performed to investigate the presence of Salmonella and Shigella species in artesian well water samples collected from several neighbourhoods and villages in Bursa and used as drinking water. For this purpose, a total of 30 water samples were analysed for these pathogens by using the isolation method described by FDA (The US Food and Drug Administration). Neither Salmonella nor Shigella was isolated from any of the analysed samples.

A Comparative Macro-Anatomic, Mechanical and Geometric Morphometries Study on Tree and Ground Squirrel and Rat

Hakan Yalçın, Seyit Ali Kayış, Atilla Arslan — 2007-01-01

This study is carried out comparatively on throe rodent species. There were ten matured three squirrels (5 male and 5 female), ten matured ground squirrels (4 male and 6 female), and ten 60 day old rats (5 male and 5 female). Study material was lateral side of right mandible. Mandibles of tree and ground squirrels and rats were compared m aero-anatomically. Comparing to squirrels, rats had a bone tip on the lateral side of rostro-ventral of mandibular notch, coronoid process was short and plain, and in the medial side, pterygoid fossa was deepper in the ground squirrels but not in the rats. Unlike mammals, three species had masseteric ridge that frames masseteric fossa dorsally and ventrally. In terms of some metric measurements (Sd, Sv, Ad, Td) taken on mandible, ground squirrel and rat were very similar. In addition, mechanical advantageous of masticatory muscles on the mandible of three species were calculated. In general, comparing to ground squirrel, tree squirrel had more mechanical advantageous of jaw muscles. However, comparison ot three squirrel to rat showed that tree squirrel had more advantageous in two jaw muscles (Sd, Sv), had disadvantageous in one masticatory muscles (Ad), and had no differences for the other two jaw muscles (Tv, Td). Comparing rats to ground squirrels, in terms of jaw muscles, showed that rats had more advantageous in three jaw muscles (Sd, Ad, Tv), but had no differences lor the other two (Sv, Td). In terms of dorsal fibers of the temporal muscles (Td), there were no differences for three species. In this study, three rodent species were compared for species and se* factors via Geometric Morphometries methods. For this purpose, 16 homologous landmarks, on the mandible, were used. It is found that the first two principle components (PCI and PC2) were able to separate three species clearly. The first two principle components were able to reveal 71% of the total shape variation (PCI: 37%, PC2: 34%). In addition, movements of landmarks in different species were analysed by means of deformation grid. Orthogonal comparison of shape data showed that three species differs statistically significantly.

Sepsis, Leukocytes, Cytokines and Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation

Ramazan Çöl, Zafer Durgun — 2007-01-01

Leukocytes play an important rote on the pathogenesis of sepsis-induced disseminated intravascular coagulation. Despite the beneficial role ol leukocytes in host delence, these cells may also cause the initation and progression ol tissue injury in sepsis. Cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor* a (TNF-a) and inlerleukin-1 3 (IL-1 P) activate monocytes, neutrophils and endothelial cells. Inflammatory cytokines initate coagulation mechanism by converting endothelium from an antithrombotic surface to a prothrombotic surface. These cytokines activate both the extrinsic and intrinsic coagulation system by stimulating tissue (actor production. Moreover, they activate neutrophils to release inflammatory mediators such as neutrophil elestase and oxygen free radicals. Various pathogenic effects thai occur in sepsis are attributed to the release of oxygen radicals and enzymes from neutrophils. This review present information about leukocytes and their important roles in sepsis.

Some Biochemical Parameters in Sheep Infested with Cocnurus cerebralis and Oestrus ovis

Nurcan Dönmez, Ercan Keskin — 2007-01-01

This study was conducted to determine the changes in some antioxidants and biochemicals of sheep infested with C. cerebralis and O. ovis. In the study, 10 sheep as control, 10 sheep infested with C.cerebralis and 10 sheep infested with O.ovis were used. In blood samples takon Irom all groups, MDA, GSH, ALT, AST, total protein, cholesterol, glucose, albumine, triglyceride levels were determined. There is no difference between groups in respect of MDA, GSH, ALT, AST levels and other biochemicals cxpect of higher glucose level (p<0.05) in C.cerebralis group. As a result, the data presented in the study will be beneficial for diagnostic and therapeutic approaches related this issue.