Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences - 2015; 31(2)

Metabolic indicators and risk factors of left displaced abomasum in dairy cattle

Ismail Sen, Thomas Wittek, Hasan Guzelbektes — 2015-06-01

Left displaced abomasum (LDA) is generally a disorder of post-partum cows. The prevalence of LDA varies widely among the affected farms. If LDA occurs after calving (within first week of lactation), this condition show to problems with dry cow management. But, if LDA occur later on it may be due to dry cow and/or fresh cow management. This review considers various risk factors, metabolic indicators, and prevention of displacement of the abomasum in cattle.

Effect of Nerium oleander distillate administration on serum nitric oxide level

2015-06-01

Aim: To investigate the effect of intraperitoneally single dose treated with Nerium oleander distillate in rats on the serum nitric oxide level. In addition, effect of distillate on the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, catalase and routine biochemical parameters was determined. Materials and Methods: Totally 20 male Wistar albino rats were used. After 5 rats were served Control (0. hour), single dose 7.5 mL Nerium oleander distillate was injected intraperitoneally to each rats. Before (0. hour) and after administration, blood samples were collected at 2, 4 and 8 hours from heart under anesthesia. Afterward rats were euthanized by cervical dislocation. Serum nitric oxide, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and catalase levels were measured by ELISA reader, biochemical values (Creatine kinase-MB, creatine kinase, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total protein, albumin, total bilirubin, cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, creatinine, uric acid, blood urea nitrogen) were measured by autoanalyzer. Results: Nerium oleander distillate did not effect (P>0.05) nitric oxide level and decreased (P<0.05) serum thiobarbituric acid reactive substances levels, whereas it increased (P<0.05) catalase level. In addition, Nerium oleander increased (P<0.05) total bilirubin, low density lipoprotein and cholesterol levels at 2, 8 and 8 hours, respectively. Conclusion: It may be stated that Nerium oleander distillate has potent antioxidative effects and it may be used in the treatment of oxidative damage related situations.

Implementation of cementless Pamuk's Total Hip Replacement (PTKP) in dogs, and first evaluation of the results

Mustafa Arıcan, Kurtuluş Parlak — 2015-06-01

Aim: In this study, application and results of Pamuk's Total Hip Replacement (PTKP) system was evaluated the dogs with hip problems. Materials and Methods: Twelve dogs with hip problems (dysplasia, luxations and fractures) were used. Equipment, Ortho-Pet, Izmir (Turkey) were manufactured. It was approached with craniolateral incision of craniodorsal sides of the hip trochanter major level. Caput femoris excision was performed by osteotomy. And then, acetabulum was enlarged. After acetabular cup have placed and it was fixed with screws. Then the implants was placed for collum femoris. Implant head of the neck portion was steeled and the hip joint was in place. In controls, inspection, palpation and radiographic examination was performed for post-op 15 days and 1, 3 and 6 months. Results: Seven dogs (58.3%) in the postoperative prognosis is seen good or very good condition. Clinical examination of patients with a good prognosis in 15th and 30th days showed similarities between each other. Comparison of post-operative 90th days with 15th and 30th day prognosis show that the gait problems was eliminated and to considered to be very good condition. It was also observed that the extremities used as intended. The extremities were not used very well and lameness of varying degrees in 5 dogs (41.6%). Radiograhic examination of these dogs were showed loosening of the collum femoris apparatus, subluxation and the acetabular components may not fixed into the acetabulum properly. Conclusion: Although the first impression of cementless PTKP's was shown some technical problems, it has been concluded that it is economic, development devices and encouraging of the first results. In addition, monitoring of longer-term outcomes PTKP's more than 6 months is thought to provide important information for the availability and development.

Economic analysis of cattle fattening enterprises in central districts of the Ankara

Mehmet Ferit Can — 2015-06-01

Aim: The aims of the study were to investigate percentage distribution of cost components and to determine profitability ratios and partial productivities in cattle fattening enterprises (CFE) which were selected according to their sizes from Ankara province, Turkey. Materials and Methods: Financial and technical data for the year of 2010 were gathered through a questionnaire completed by a total of 38 CFE selected using the randomly stratified sampling method. Results: Fattening period, daily live–weight gain, feed consumption in terms of dry substances for 1 kg live–weight gain, and capacity utilization rate (CUR) in all CFE were calculated to be 208 days, 1049 g/head, 9.35 kg, and 65%, respectively. The share of fattening material costs, feed costs, labor costs, veterinary health expenditures, marketing expenses, depreciation costs, maintenance–repair expenditures, and other expenditures within the total costs were found to be 62.87%, 23.53%, 4.58%, 1.80%, 1.39%, 1.09%, 0.83%, and 3.91%, respectively. There were significant differences among the CFE in respect of CUR (P<0.01), labor costs (P<0.05) and marketing expenses (P<0.05) according to their size. Average financial profitability, economic profitability, profitability factor, partial labor productivity and partial feed productivity in all CFE were calculated to be 15.30%, 14.41%, 11.88%, 31.24 kg/day carcass and 0.109 kg carcass, respectively. Conclusions: Feed consumption in terms of dry substances for 1 kg live–weight gain should be reduced and CUR must be increased to increase the profitability, especially in small scale CFE in Ankara.

Use of sage (Salvia triloba L.) and laurel (Laurus nobilis L.) oils in quail diets

Tuba Bulbul, Vural Ozdemir, Aziz Bulbul — 2015-06-01

Aim: This study was carried out to determine the effects of the usage of sage (Salvia triloba L.) and laurel (Laurus nobilis L.) oils in diets on some performance and carcass parameters of quails. Materials and Methods: A total of 800 three-day-old Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica), including both males and females, were divided into 10 groups containing 80 quails. Each group was divided into four replicates containing 20 birds each. These groups were as follow: No oil group (Control), 100 mg/kg sage oil group, 200 mg/kg sage oil group, and 400 mg/kg sage oil group, 100 mg/kg laurel oil group, 200 mg/kg laurel oil group, 400 mg/kg laurel oil group, 100 mg/kg sage oil + 100 mg/ kg laurel oil group, 200 mg/kg sage oil + 200 mg/kg laurel oil group, and 400 mg/kg sage oil + 400 mg/kg laurel oil group. The experimental period was lasted for 35 days. Results: It was determined that in all experimental groups supplemented with sage, laurel and sage + laurel oils, no differences (P>0.05) were observed in terms of body weights, body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio. Morover, hot and cold carcass weights and relative weight of liver, heart, spleen, gizzard and proventriculus plus gizzard were not affected by supplementation with sage, laurel and sage + laurel oils (P>0.05). Conclusion: It may be concluded that sage, laurel and sage + laurel oils supplementation in the quails' diets had no effect on performance and carcass parameters.

Cumulative effect of phytase and vitamin D supplementation on performance and bone mineralization in broiler

2015-06-01

Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the efficacy of phytase and vitamin D supplementation in low phosphorous diet on performance and bone mineralization in broiler. Materials and Methods: A total of 240 one-day-old broiler chicks were divided into 8 groups (A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H) with 3 subgroups in each, comprising 10 birds in each subgroup. Group A was fed normal basal diet having normal phosphorous ratio (Control) and group B was fed diet without inorganic phosphorous and phytase supplementation (Negative control). Group C, D E were offered diet containing only three levels of phytase (250, 500, 750 phytase unit (FTU)/kg feed) and group F, G and H were offered diets having three levels of phytase (250, 500, 750 FTU/kg feed) in combination of vitamin D3 (4000, 5000, 6000 IU/kg feed) respectively. Results: The phytase and vitamin D3 supplemented groups (particularly, supplementation of 500 FTU/kg plus 5000 IU/kg) showed increased (P<0.05) live weight gain, dressing percentage, keel and shank length, toe and tibia ash percentage, calcium and phosphorous level in blood plasma; improved (P<0.05) feed conversion ratio as compared to the group A and B. Moreover, supplementation of phytase and vitamin D3 at 500 FTU/kg plus 5000 IU/kg was most economical as cost/kg live weight than 250 and 750 FTU/kg diet supplementation. Conclusion: It may be concluded that 500 FTU/kg phytase + 5000 IU/kg vitamin D3 supplementation to low-P diet improved growth performance, carcass weight and bone mineralization in broilers.

Microbiological quality of red meat pieces

Umut Öztürk, Ümit Gürbüz — 2015-06-01

Aim: This research was conducted to determine the number of total mesophilic aerobic bacteria (TMAB), coliform bacteria, E. coli and coagulase (+) Staphylococcuss in minced and red meat sold in meat shredding units and markets in Antalya city which has an important place in terms of tourism in Turkey. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four samples were taken from each of the meat pieces (Ribeye, silverside, knuckle, striploin, topside, rump, neck, eyeround, tenderloin) giving a total of 216 samples used in this research. In addition 60 minced beef samples (The meat pieces were minced at the time of purchasing) were taken from different markets. All samples are examined and evaluated statistically from the point of the TMAB, coliform bacteria, E coli and coagulase (+) Staphylococcus. Results: Significant differences were observed in the TMAB and coliform bacteria number of meat preparations which were taken from the meat processing unit (P<0.01). Also significant differences were determined between the E. coli and coagulase (+) Staphylococcus counts of meat preparations (p<0.01). Statistical differences were determined in TMAB, coliform bacteria, E. coli and coagulase (+) Staphylococcus numbers of samples which were taken from markets (P<0.01). E. coli, growth was not determined in the knuckle, eyeround, silverside and tenderloin taken from the markets and coagulase (+) Staphylococcus growth was not determined in samples of knuckle, eyeround, silverside and tenderloin. Conclusion: Improving the microbiological quality of meat and meat products provided with prevention of contamination sources in all steps of production and strict adherence to general hygiene rules.

Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis isolated from sheep

2015-06-01

Aim: The aim of this study was to identification of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis (C. pseudotuberculosis) isolated from lymph node of sheep with caseous lypmhadenitis (CLA) by biochemical characteristics and confirmation by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Also, phospholipase D enzyme activities and antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates were determined. Materials and Methods: A total of 1176 sheep were examined the presence of CLA, and 1176 of lymph node were collected for bacteria isolation. The samples were inoculated onto Blood Agar Base supplemented with 5% defibrinated sheep blood at 37ºC for 48 hours in microaerophilic atmosphere. Morphological and biochemical characteristic of C. pseudotuberculosis suspicious isolates were determined. PCR analysis was performed to confirmation of biochemical identification. Also, phospholipase D enzyme activities with Rhodococcus equi (R. equi) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates for 16 antimicrobial were determined by disc diffusion methods. Results: Totally of 72 C. pseudotuberculosis were identified according to biochemical characteristics. All isolates showed PLD enzyme activities antagonists with S. aureus and synergistically with R. equi. All isolates were confirmed by PCR as C. pseudotuberculosis. Isolates were determined to be sensitive to different antibiotics at different rates. The majority of the isolates were susceptible to florfenicol (98%), while ampicillin and lincomycin resistance was determined as 62.5%. Conclusions: Although there are many data related to the failure of the in-vivo treatment of CLA infection by antibiotics, C. pseudotuberculosis was determined as in-vitro sensitive to many antibiotics used in this study. PCR method and primers used in this study was determined very useful for confirmation of C. pseudotuberculosis identified by biochemical characteristic

Antioxidant enzyme activities in Vero cell line inoculated with Herpes Simplex Virus type 1.

Sibel Yavru, Oguzhan Avci, Irmak Dik, Kamil Atli — 2015-06-01

Aim: The aim of the present study was to determine of antioxidant capacity/oxidative stress biomarkers in Vero cell line inoculated with Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 (HSV-1). Materials and Methods: Cell supernatants were collected during 21 hours (15 min interval at first hour, 1 hour interval by 6th hour, 30 min interval at 6th -10th hours, 1 hour interval at 6th-21th hour) after HSV-1 inoculations. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) enzymes, glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) values were analyzed from the test media by commercially available ELISA kits. In addition to this, cytopathogenic effects (CPE) of HSV-1 in cell culture were evaluated periodically by invert microscope. Results: In this research, CPE of HSV-1 was observed at 6th hour post-inoculation. Maximum and minimum levels of SOD were determined at 17th and 1st hours, respectively. Minimum levels of CAT and GPX were determined at 18th and 7th hour, respectively. Minimum level of GSH was determined at first 30 minutes whereas maximum level of GSH was measured at 10th hours. MDA levels suddenly increased at 3rd hours and MDA reached maximum level at 18th hour. The SOD and GSH levels, important markers of oxidative stress, were reduced on HSV-1 before the formation CPE. Conclusion: It is concluded that lipid peroxidation may occur in the pathogenesis of HSV-1 and antioxidant treatment may be useful in the therapy of HSV-1 infection.

Iatrogenic steroid hepatopathy in a dog

Aliye Sağkan Öztürk, Alper Ertürk — 2015-06-01

Steroid hepatopathy is an iatrogenic disorder developed secondary the as a result of particularly faulty/unconscious corticosteroids applications. In this report, clinical, radyographic and ultrasonographic data of 18 year old male Terrier dog suffering from steroid hepatopathy was evaluated. In anamnesis, the owner of the dog used corticosteroid (three months prednisolone and one month dexamethasone) in four months. In clinical examination revealed lethargy, pale mucosa membranes and incoordination. In laboratory analyses, increases of alkaline phosphatase and gamma glutamyl transferase levels ten times, alanine transaminase seven times, aspartate aminotransferase <2 times, blood urea nitrogen and cholesterol almost two times were increased in laboratory analyses. In the urine sediment leucine crystals was appeared. Increased echogenicity and heterogenic appearance in liver and hyperechogenicity in gallbladder were seen in the ultrasonographic examination of dog. Despite performed the support treatment, the dog died after 45 days. In conclusion, this case evaluated that faulty and/or long time corticosteroids may result steroid hepatopathy, it is necessary to monitor the corticosteroid therapy laboratory and ultrasonographic examinations can be utilized in monitoring and diagnostics.