Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences - 2014; 30(4)

Evaluation of graduates of the Kafkas University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in terms of several parameters

Ali Yiğit, Erol Aydın, Mete Cihan — 2014-12-01

Aim: This study was conducted for the purpose of evaluating veterinary graduating of the Kafkas University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine between the years of 1990-2011 in terms of some parameters. Materials and Methods: A 22 year profile of graduates (1990- 2011) covering details on gender, place of birth, mean age and year of graduation was drawn-up by examining graduation yearbooks and archive files of graduated students. Information on the location of employment of these graduates and their field of employment were obtained through interviews with graduates and the Internet. Results: There is a positive correlation between the place of birth and the location of employment (n=634, 54.37%), 84.10% worked in the public sector (Ministry of Food, Agriculture, and Livestock) and field of clinical service, and there were no unemployed veterinarians. Conclusions: Today, the Council of Higher Education is discussing clinical structuring based on type and in line with the study data, it can be said that, in case the infrastructure problems of faculties in the Eastern Anatolian Region, with especially sheep, goat and cattle, are made suitable, there is a need to provide education oriented at these types.

Medical school and engineering school students' view on animal killing: Cumhuriyet University sample

Gülay Yıldırım, Selim Kadıoğlu — 2014-12-01

Aim: The study aims to determine and compare the views of medicalschool and engineeringschool students about the killing of animals for various reasons and ways. Materials and Methods: The data evaluated were obtained from 274 students attending Cumhuriyet University. The questionnaire used in the study was developed by the researchers. The most common 11 reasons for killing animals are listed. The participants were asked to arrange them from the one they considered the least appropriate to the one they considered the most appropriate and to score them ranging from 1 to 10, respectively. Descriptive assessments of the two groups were performed. The difference between the mean scores of the students was assessed with the chi-square test, t-test and Mann-Whitney- U. Results: The highest mean scores are as follows: sacrificing an animal due to religious beliefs (8.68), slaughtering domestic livestock for food (8.35), and practicing euthanasia on an animal suffering due to health problems (7.60). The lowest mean score was obtained from the questionnaire was for the item that an animal is killed for its fur or hide (2.84). Medical students(7.93) agreed to the killing of experimental animals in a laboratory setting for the training of students in medicine or other areas more than did the engineering students (6.84, p=0.009). Conclusions: Acceptability of an animal killing practice among the participants increases with its utility and decreases with its cruelty.

The student profile of Selcuk University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine

Mehmet Emin Tekin — 2014-12-01

Aim: This study was carried out to reveal the success and partly demographic profile of students of Selcuk University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. Materials and Methods: In the study, the identifier information of students who were at the last year of education was used in 2008, 2009, 2010 and 2013 years (the data could not be collected at 2011 and 2012). Approximately 80% of students were introduced to the study and 433 data collected and revealed overall four years. The questions that asked to the students to identify were organized as a survey format and collected the data. The frequencies and rates of answers of each question were tabled and presented as graphics. Results: The gender of students were as 87.3% male and 12.7% female; the majority of students who entered this Faculty from regions of Central Anatolia (39.3%), Mediterranean (18.9%) and Aegean (13.6%); the 84.3% of students described their mother as housewife; the students whose father is worker were maximum (31.1%) and students whose father is officer were 28.1%; the majority of students had two (35.3%) and three (26.8%) siblings; the secondary education origin of students were high school (49.2%), Anatolian high school (29.8%) and super high school (16.5%); the majority (86.8%) of students stayed at students homes and very few (13.2%) of them at youth hostels; the rates of whom knowing a foreign language at a good level were only 21.8% and the others' knowing of language were weak or moderate; only 21.6% of the students who were interns had not a lesson at subclasses but the 46.4% of them had 1-3 lectures at subclasses; 66.6% of students had an average of lesson as under 2.5 point and only 5.9% of him had an average that upper 3.0 point. The 45.4% of students want to be an officer as the first preference. Conclusion: It is thought that this study has descriptive and directive for the Faculty managers, lecturers and students.

Comparison of the effects of intraocular pressure with phacoemulsification and extracapsular cataract extraction methods in dogs with cataract

Mustafa Arıcan, Hanifi Erol, Kurtuluş Parlak, Ümit Kamış, Nuri Yavru — 2014-12-01

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of intraocularpressure (IOP) in extracapsular extraction (ECCE) and phacoemulsification (PHACO) methods with or without intraocular lens (IOL) on dogs with cataract for a 28-day period. Materials and Methods: Twenty adult dogs of both sexes with cataracts, weighing between 10 to 30 kg and at different ages were used as materials. Cataracts were diagnosed by direct and indirect ophthalmoscopy, ultrasonographic examination and biomicroscopy. Cataracts were classified as immature (7 animals), mature (7 animals) and hypermature (6 animals). Dogs were divided into two groups each consisting of 10 animals. Ten dogs with cataract were operated on for ECCE and the other group of 10 dogs underwent a phacoemulsification procedure. In the two groups, 10 animals were used for 41 dioptry single-piece acrylic intraocular lens. Results: Intraocular pressure was felt at the lowest level 14 days after the operation in the ECCE without IOL implanted group. The IOL implanted group showed irregular levels. Intraocular pressure level was the lowest on the 21st day, without IOL implanted group in phacoemulsification. However, all values remained within the reference values at the end of a 28-day period postoperatively. Conclusions: Both surgeries could be used for cataract cases in terms of IOP effects. Selection of the patient, correct surgical technique and adequate equipment are important for the success of a surgery. But, it has been also concluded that success of phacofragmentation surgery increased when the animals are in immature stages.

Comparison of laparoscopic supported gastropexy and classic gastropexy operation on dogs

Mustafa Arıcan, Kurtuluş Parlak, Hanifi Erol, Nuri Yavru — 2014-12-01

Aim: Prophylactic gastropexy is an applicated for prevention in large breed dogs, especially gastric dilatation volvulus (GDV)'s surgery. In this study, ventral midline gastropexy and laparoscopic gastropexy which are effect of prophylaxis of GDV were compared for prognosis and surgical intervention. Materials and Methods: The study material consisted of 12 dogs. Average weight of 20-30 kg dogs, respectively. The dogs were divided into two groups. The dogs in group 1 classic gastropexy method were applied. Laparoscopically assisted gastropexy was applied in dogs in group 2. Biochemical analysis and blood gas have been investigated for examination in the preoperative and postoperative period by the 9th day. Ultrasonographic examinations were performed with convex probe 5-7.5 MHz. Direct and indirect radiographic examinations were performed of postoperative period by 9th days. Results: Post-operatively, dogs, daily controlled for 9 days after the operation. The results of both operative techniques revealed fast and easy applicability. The average operating time for the classic gastropexy was 20 minutes. Laparoscopic group which time 41.5 minutes was determined to be average. There were no complications of both techniques of post-operative care. Postoperative gastric peristaltic contractions were counted on day 7 by ultrasonography for both groups. Classic laparoscopic supported gastropexy and found an average of 4-5 contraction. Radiologic examination of the stomach, location, size, shape, content, and rugal gastric wall were encountered with any pathological condition. Conclusions: At the end of the study, both techniques, laparoscopic and conventional gastropexy can be applied for emergency surgery and prophylactic interventions.

A Scanning Electron Microscopic studies on the podocytes of the kidneys of rat (Rattus norvegicus) and blind mole rat (Spalax leucodon)

İsmail Hakkı Nur, Atila Yoldaş, Aydın Alan, Aytaç Akçay — 2014-12-01

Aim: Blind mole rats can live in tunnels which are goosed by them underground, in environments that have quite low-oxygen ratio. Contrary most rodents, they can carry out high levels of metabolic rate under these conditions. The present study aimed out to compare the blind mole rats and rats's renal podocyte, an important cell for maintaining the normal structure and function of the glomerulus. Materials and Methods: Blind mole rat (Male) (n=6) and rats (Male) (n=6) were used in this study. The morphologic features of the renal podocytes of blind mole rat and rat kidneys were examined by using scanning electron microscopic (SEM). Results: While the length, width and thickness of blind mole rat kidney were 15.6±0.25, 9.60±0.24 and 7.80±0.37 cm, in rats were 16.00±0.89, 9.40±0.74, 6.20±1.35 cm, respectively. When compared Bowman's capsule diameters and Bowman slits of blind mole rat, the rat was measured to be larger. The mean length of Pedicel spacing (Filtration slits) of blind mole rat and rats were found to be 0.049±0.003 μm and 0.073±0.004 μm, respectively. The podocyte pedicels were uniform needle-like shapes, and its length was ranging from 0.88 to 1.02 μm. They were in contact with each other intertwined processes in both species investigated. Conclusion: The podocyte of blind mole rat is morphologically similar to rat's. In both species, between to diameter of the glomerulus were not statistically significant differences (P>0.05). Furthermore, there were not statistically significant differences in the length, the width and the thickness of both species' kidneys (P>0.05).

The possibilities to benefit from Hasmer and Hasak sheep types with Akkaraman sheep in breeders' flocks for slaughter lamb production

2014-12-01

Aim: This trial was conducted to research the possibilities to benefit from Hasmer and Hasak sheep types with Akkaraman sheep in breeders' flocks for slaughter lamb production. In the study the growth characteristics, survival ability and fattening performances of Hasak x Akkaraman F1 and Hasmer x Akkaraman F1 crossbred and pure Akkaraman lambs were investigated. Materials and Methods: In the trial, the growth characteristic and survival ability of 87 head purebred Akkaraman, 73 head Hasmer x Akkaraman F1 and 104 head Hasak x Akkaraman F1 crossbred lambs were investigated. For investigation of fattening performance, 10 head Hasak x Akkaraman F1, 10 head Hasmer x Akkaraman F1 and 10 head pure Akkaraman male lambs at an average of 75 dayold and with a range of 19-24 kg live weights were fed intensively as groups for 70 days. Results: Differences in live weight and average daily weight gain of male lambs at day 150 and various periods were significant (P<0.022) while the differences of female lambs were insignificant (P>0.126). Hasmer x Akkaraman F1 crossbred lambs grew slower than the other two genotypes when they were fed on pasture. The differences between the genotypes for survival rates until weaning were insignificant. Hasmer x Akkaraman F1 crossbred lambs had higher (P<0.004) live weight and average daily weight gain than the other two group lambs in the intensive fattening. Conclusion: It is concluded that both Hasmer and Hasak sheep types can be used as sire lines for slaughter lamb production in Akkaraman sheep.

Determination of lipid peroxidation biomarkers in Vero cell line inoculated with Bovine Ephemeral Fever Virus

Oguzhan Avci*, Sibel Yavru, Irmak Dik — 2014-12-01

Aim: The aim of the present study was to determine of lipid peroxidation biomarkers in Vero cell line inoculated with Bovine Ephemeral Fever Virus (BEFV, Genbank No: GQ229452.1). Materials and Methods: Cell supernatants were collected 4 h/day for 5 days after BEFV inoculation. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) enzymes, glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) values were analyzed from the test media by commercially available ELISA kits. In addition to this, cytopathogenic effects (CPE) of BEFV in cell culture were evaluated periodically by invert microscope. Results: In this research, CPE of BEFV was observed at 72 h post-inoculation. Maximum level of SOD was determined at 56 h, while minimum levels of CAT and GPX were determined at 8 and 104 hours, respectively. Maximum GSH levels were determined at 30, 60, 84 and 120 hours while minimum GSH concentrations were measured at 44, 92 and 112 hours. A sudden decrease of MDA level was observed in the first 8 hours occurred. In addition, CAT, MDA and SOD levels decreased before developing BEFV-caused CPE. Conclusion: It is concluded that lipid peroxidation biomarkers can be useful in the pathogenesis of BEFV. It may prove helpful in the design of future protect from decreasing of oxidative damage associated with BEFV infection.

Detection of Border Disease Virus in sheep fetuses by immunoperoxidase

Sibel Yavru, Oğuzhan Avcı, Kamil Atlı — 2014-12-01

Aim: The purpose of the present study was to investigate pestiviral antigen in sheep fetuses in Konya. Materials and Methods: Totally 170 samples (liver, lung, lymph, spleen, and brain) from 34 sheep fetuses were investigated to determine the presence of Border Disease Virus (BDV) with immunoperoxidase (IP) in Madin-Darby Bovine Kidney permanent cell culture. Results: Presence of pestiviral antigen was detected by IP in 8.82% of fetuses. 8 tissue (3 livers, 3 lungs, and 2 brains) samples of 3 fetuses were detected as positive. Lymph and spleen samples of the same fetus were not determined in any positivity. Conclusion: It can be expressed that control programme of BDV is needed in Konya.

A case report of hermaphrodite goat: Clinical and genetic approach

2014-12-01

This case report describes clinical examination and cytogenetic and molecular genetic analyses of a hermaphrodite mixed Maltese breed goat that was referred to the Gynecology Clinic of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selcuk University in 2010. In anamnesis, goat was a single kid at the birth and was polled. Clitoris was 1.9x0.9 cm in size and vagina was shorter than normal. By palpation and ultrasonographic examination, it was determined that the right (4.88 cm) and left (2.87 cm) testicles were located under skin in the inguinal region. Breast and nipples were in normal size. There was a rudimentary penis located under skin but no scrotum or prepitium was observed. After chromosome preparation using peripheral blood samples and GTG staining, appropriate metaphases were analyzed using an image analyzer program. Genomic DNA was isolated from the blood sample. Sexdetermining region Y (SRY) and amelogenin gene regions were amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) including positive and negative controls. In karyotype analysis, metaphase plaque was observed as 60,XY. In PCR analysis, no SRY amplification was determined and only AMX allele was observed for amelogenin locus. Hermaphroditism is widely observed in goats and a number different mechanisms were reported. It is suggested that polled rams should be culled and karyotype and molecular genetics analyses should be performed to evaluate hermaphrodite cases in detail.