Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences - 2014; 30(2)

The effect of time between thawing and transfer of cryopreserved cattle embryos by ethylene glycol on pregnancy rates

Şükrü Dursun, Mehmet Köse, Mesut Kırbaş, Bülent Bülbül, Seyit Ümütlü — 2014-06-01

Aim: In this study, it was aim to determine the rates of the effect of the lasting time from thawing-transfer until to transfer during transferring of cattle frozen embryos with ethylene glycol by direct transfer method on pregnancy rates. Materials and Methods: Recipients (n=56) were selected from the cows whose estrus were synchronized with two times injections of 0.150 mg d-cloprostenol 14 days intervals. Embryos were transferred into recipients 7 days after the detection of recipients estrus (estrus= day 0). After embryos were threated 25 seconds within 25oC water bath to thaved then they were transferred to the recipients in minutes as follows; 0-5 (Group 0-5, n=27), 6-10 (Group 6-10, n=16) or 11-25 (Group 11-25, n=13) which all embryos were transferred into the uterine horn ipsilateral to the corpus luteum. Pregnancy diagnosis were done on day 28 used by ultrasound. Results: Pregnancy rates were determined in 59.3%, 50% and 23.1% within G 0-5, G 6-10 and G 11-25 groups, respectively. Therefore, pregnancy rates were not statistically significant (P>0.05) between G 0-5 & G 6-10 with G 6-10 & G 11-25 while it was lower than the group of G 11-25 compared to the group of G 0-5 (P<0.05). Conclusions: According to this study, frozen embryos by ethylene glycol should be transferred into recipients in within 10 minutes after thawing is concluded.

Effect of ovarian functions on estrus sychronization and pregnancy rate in Brown Swiss heifers and non-lactating cows

Mehmet Köse, Tevfik Tekeli — 2014-06-01

Aim: In this study, the effect of ovarian functions on estrus synchronization and pregnancy rates in Brown Swiss heifers and non-lactating cows synchronized with a modified ovsynch protocol was investigated. Materials and Methods: The estrous cycle of heifers (n=60) and cows (n=27) was synchronized with two injections of 150 mcg d-cloprostenol (PGF_2α ) 14 days apart. Ovulation was induced with the injection of 50 mcg lesirelin acetate (GnRH) at 48 hour after the second PGF_2α , and insemination (AI) was performed between 16-20 h following the last injection. Corpus luteum and follicle diameters were measured on days of PGF_2α and GnRH injection with ultrasound. Moreover, blood samples were collected to assess plasma progesterone concentration on days of PGF_2α injection and on AI day (day 0) and subsequently on 7, 14 and 21 days. Pregnancy was checked on day 28 after AI. Results: Synchronization and pregnancy rates were found 87.4% and 36.8%, respectively. The most important factor reducing the efficacy of protocol during synchronization period was no luteal function in 6.89% of cows at time of the second PGF_2α injection. The affecting negatively on pregnancy rates in synchronized cows was determined two main factors. 1- Lack of luteal function on day 7 post-insemination (11.84% of synchronized). 2- Possible early embryonic deaths (11.84% of synchronized). Conclusions: It was concluded that the ovulation can be synchronized with modified ovsynch protocol, consisting of two PGF_2α and one GnRH injection, and could be achieved to acceptable pregnancy rate in Brown Swiss heifers and non-lactating cows.

Comparative efficacies of two different commercial products containing nitroxynil against fascioliasis in cattle

2014-06-01

Aim: This study was conducted to evaluate the comparative efficacies of two different commercial products containing nitroxynil against liver fluke infestation for a period of 28 days by using 18 cattle. Materials and Methods: Eighteen cattle were divided into 3 groups (A, B and C) where each group consisted of six cattle. Product A and Product B were injected subcutaneously to the cattle in group A and B, respectively. Cattle in group C were kept as infected control group without giving any treatment. Results: A significant (P<0.01) reduction of egg per gram (EPG) count was found on 3^rd , 7^th , 14^th and 28th days of treated cattle of group A and B, respectively. The EPG count of control group were significantly (P<0.01) increased 7 day onwards up to experimental period. Reduction of mean EPG on 3rd, 7th, 14th and 28th day after treatment in group A and B were 83.9%-80.8%, 81.7%-80.7, 78.1%-77.0% and 73.7%-61.2%, respectively, whereas in control group the mean EPG were 6.7%, 9.2%, 21.4% and 30.9%, respectively. The body weight was increased significantly (P<0.01) after treatments in group A and B, respectively except untreated control group C. Conclusions: This result may indicate that two commercial products contain nitroxynil have similar efficacies against fascioliasis in cattle.

Determination of protective effectiveness of Nerium oleander distillation in doxorubicin-induced organ damages

Burak Dik, Ayşe Er, Orhan Çorum — 2014-06-01

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate that effect of Nerium oleander (NO) distillate on doxorubicin-induced oxidative damage and other side effects. Materials and Methods: NO leaves were collected, distillated and lyophilized. In the current research, 28 rats were divided into 4 groups; Control, Doxorubicin (3 mg/kg, every other day, intraperitoneally), NO (1 mg/kg, SID, PO) and Doxorubicin (3 mg/kg, every other day, intraperitoneally) + NO (1 mg/kg, SID, PO). All treatments were performed 11 days. At 24 hours after the last administration, blood samples were taken from the hearts under general anesthetizes, and euthanized immediately. Also, heart, liver and kidney were taken and homogenized. Tissue thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels, serum biochemical and hemogram values were measured by ELISA, autoanalyzer and blood cell counter, respectively. Results: Heart TBARS values of the doxorubicin group were lower (P<0.05) than Doxorubicin + NO distillate group, while kidney TBARS values of the doxorubicin group were higher (P<0.05) than the NO distillate group. Although doxorubicin decreased (P<0.05) blood cell counts, hemoglobin and hematocrit levels compared to Control group, administration of doxorubicin + NO distillate ameliorated only hematocrit levels. Doxorubicin decreased (P<0.05) serum total protein and albumin levels compared to Control group, while Doxorubicin + NO distillate increased (P<0.05) aspartate aminotransferase and blood urea nitrogen levels and decreased (P<0.05) total protein, albumin and creatinine levels. Conclusions: It may be stated that levels of NO distillate used in the current research do not prevent the doxorubicin caused side effects.

Effect of alcoholic extract of Tarantula cubensis (Theranekron^®) on serum thiobarbituric acid-reactive species concentrations in sheep

Burak Dik, Ayşe Er, Orhan Çorum — 2014-06-01

Aim: The aim of the current research was to evaluate the effect of alcoholic extract of Tarantula cubensis on serum thiobarbituric acid-reactive species concentrations in sheep. Furthermore, it's effect on the hematological and biochemical values were determined. Materials and Methods: Six Akkaraman sheep were administered single dose (6 mL/sheep, SC) of alcoholic extract of Tarantula cubensis. Blood samples were obtained before (0 hour, control) and 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 hours after administration. Serum thiobarbituric acid-reactive species concentrations were measured by ELISA reader. The concentrations of biochemical and hemogram values were measured by autoanalyzer and blood cell counter, respectively. Results: Alcoholic extract of Tarantula cubensis dramatically decreased on serum thiobarbituric acid-reactive species concentrations in sheep but no statistically significant. In addition, it had no any negative effect on the hematological and biochemical values. Conclusions: It is stated that alcoholic extract of Tarantula cubensis may cause antioxidant effect and it may be accepted safe in sheep when evaluation of short time duration was considered.

Efficacies of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis vaccines against caseous lymphadenitis in mice and sheep

2014-06-01

Aim: This study was aimed to prepare Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis vaccines against Caseous Lymphadenitis (CLA) and to determine the effectiveness of vaccines in mice and sheep.4 Materials and Methods: C. pseudotuberculosis vaccines were prepared in 3 different combination (PLD, bacterin and combined). Vaccines were subcutaneously administered twice (0.1 mL) 3 weeks intervals to mice. After vaccination at 15 days, mice were subcutaneously challenged with C. pseudotuberculosis and PLD of the challenge strain with LD50 dose. All mice were observed throughout 20 days for morbidity and mortality. Internal organs of deaths/euthanized mice were cultured for re-isolation of bacteria. Sheep were subcutaneously vaccinated twice (1 mL) with vaccines of commercial or combined, 3 weeks intervals. Blood sera were taken before and after vaccination at 45-60 days intervals. In addition, lymph nodes were examined microscopically by the presence any abscess. Antibody titers to C. psedotuberculosis in mice and sheep were determined by modified ELISA. Results: When compared to controls, antibody titers were significantly higher in vaccinated mice (P<0.05). In challenged trials with PLD, the ratio of morbidity and mortality was not observed in the vaccines groups PLD and combined. But, the lower ratio of morbidity and mortality in challenged trials with live bacteria were determined in the groups of bacterin and combined. When the levels of antibody in sheep were found to be high, abscess formation were lower in, comparison to controls. Conclusions: Especially combined C. pseudotuberculosis vaccines were concluded to be useful in prevention of CLA in sheep.

Antibody prevalence against respiratory viruses in naturally infected cattle in Central Anatolia

Oguzhan Avci, Sibel Yavru, Murat Sevik — 2014-06-01

Aim: The aim of this study was to determination of the seroprevalences of major respiratoric viral agents of cattle in central region Anatolia. Materials and Methods: In the present study, blood serum samples were collected from 500 cattle not vaccinated against Bovine Herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1), Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV), Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (BRSV), Parainfluenza virus-3 (PIV-3) and Bovine Adenovirus- 3 (BAV-3), which are the most important infectious agents of respiratory system in cattle, in five provinces (Amasya, Çorum, Kayseri, Nevşehir, and Yozgat) of Central Anatolia. Serum samples were investigated serologically with indirect Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for specific antibodies developed against BHV-1, BVDV, BRSV, PIV-3 and BAV-3. Results: Seropositivity of the serum samples of BHV-1, BVDV, BRSV, PIV-3 and BAV-3 were determined as 57.8%, 68.0%, 78.2%, 85.6% and 76.8%, respectively. Conclusions: It may be stated that main infectious viral agents for respiratory disease of cattle in Central Anatolia is still presents, and vaccine programs should be applied.

Differential diagnosis of Fasciola hepatica from different animal hosts by PCR

Osman Selcuk Aldemir, Mederle Narcisa — 2014-06-01

Aim: The objective of this study was evaluated differentiational diagnosis of Fasciola hepatica from sheep and goat by PCR. Materials and Methods: F. hepatica were obtained from sheep and goat. These parasites were washed several times with pH:7.4 phosphate-buffered saline and phenol extraction/ ethanol precipitation method was employed in genomic DNA extraction. In order to optimization of the PCR conditions, five primers were selected to amplify the DNA of each F. hepatica. Results: Both sheep and goat were amplified products in different numbers and sizes by RAPD-PCR technique. The results show that different primers gave different bands (fragments) and allowed to identify genetic variations of F. hepatica. These bands were species-specific to F. hepatica from goat and sheep. Conclusions: The RAPD-PCR method can be useful for the differentiational diagnosis of F. hepatica of sheep and goat.

Comparison and analysis of phylogenetic relationship based on internal transcribed spacer 1, ITS-1 fragment of Eimeria tenella and Eimeria acervulina from broiler chicken in Korea

Myung-Jo You — 2014-06-01

Aim: The objective of the present study is the simple PCR assay that permits the detection of the Eimeria tenella, Eimeria acervulina that infect domestic fowl in Korea and making phylogenetic relation with in the same and neighboring species. Materials and Methods: The internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS-1) region of ribosomal RNA genes of two poultry Eimeria species; E. tenella and E. acervulina were sequenced and analyzed the phylogenetic relationship among them from field isolates. Results: About the 273-bp and 147-bp sequence of ITS-1 of E. tenella and E. acervulina in Korea were similar reflected in the phylogram constructed using the partial nucleotide sequences. In case of E. tenella for homology searching the sequences among the same species was 98% and with E. necatrix was 89%. In case of E. acervulina sequence similarity within the same species was 97%, whereas the similarity E. maxima and E. mitis were 77% and 76%, respectively. ITS- 1 region of each Eimeria species had sufficient inter-specific sequence variation and the primer is sufficient to amplify each target Korean isolates. Conclusions: The molecular method examine in the present study appears useful for discriminating among similar Eimeria species providing useful methods for diagnosis and epidemiology of avian coccidial infection.

The current situation of small ruminant enterprises of Burdur province

2014-06-01

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the present situation of small ruminant enterprises of Burdur province in the West Mediterranean region of Turkey known as “Goat Region” Materials and Methods: Research data obtained from farmer by face to face questionnaires. Data were collected from 48 goats and 64 sheep enterprises at 32 villages and town. The questionnaire contained five main sections: demographic data about the enterprise; the enterprise's housing and landscaping; data about the feed and feeding methods used in the enterprises; milk production and hygienic criteria in the enterprises and farm management. Results: The average number of sheep and goat per enterprise were found 94.8 and 117.8 heads respectively. It was determined that sheep and goat breeders graduated from primary school at the rates of 85.9% and 77.2% respectively. Examined sheep enterprises 84.4% was semi-open type barn. This rate was 70.4% in goat enterprises. Duration of suckling period of lambs in sheep enterprises were between 4 to 6 months, kids suckling period ranged between 4 and 7 months in goat enterprises. In this research average milk yield was found in sheep and goat enterprises in 32 villages; 0.5±0.09 l/day/sheep and 0.5±0.3 l/day/goat, respectively. Conclusions: This research was the first study to demonstrate the current status of small ruminant enterprises of Burdur province in the Mediterranean region of Turkey. It is thought that the results of this research will form important database for future research about development of sheep and goat farming in Burdur province of Turkey

Volumetric estimations of the gray matter, white matter and lateral ventricles on the brain hemispheres in horses using Cavalieri principle

Sadullah Bahar, M. Orhun Dayan — 2014-06-01

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine morphometric features of the horse brain hemispheres and to be reference MRI/CT images and measurements which recently started to be used in veterinary field. Materials and Methods: Brains of five horses of different breeds and sexes were used. Volumetric estimations of the gray matter, white matter and lateral ventricles of the cerebrum were performed using Cavalieri principle. Results: In this study, there were no significant differences between volumes of gray matter, white matter, lateral ventricules and the total volumes in the left and the right hemispheres of brain. Conclusions: The volumetric features of the left and the right brain hemispheres in horses were similar. It is thought that obtained data will contribute to the morphology of related region and the further studies.

Vulvo-vaginal myiasis in a queen caused by Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Nematocera: Calliphoridae)

Oktay Yilmaz, Mustafa Kose — 2014-06-01

A 3-year-old shorthair queen was referred to the animal hospital in July with the complaint of dystocia that started five days ago. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed that no structures related to fetus or fetal fuid were evident however, radiography of pelvic axis showed fetus-related bone opacities. On vaginal examination, a reddish-brown, fetid and slimy vaginal discharge and a total of eleven larvae were observed and the all larvae were transported to Parasitology laboratory. On exploratory laparotomy, two dead fetuses were seen throughout the corpus-cervix uteri, therefore ovariohysterectomie was performed after the approval of the owner. The morphology of Dipteran fly larvae and the adult flies which were emerged from larvae fed in insectarium provided evidence that Lucilia sericata was responsible for the genital myiasis. It is suggested that vulvo-vaginal myiasis should take into account by veterinary practitioners following prolonged dystocia cases, especially occurring in poor environmental conditions in hot seasons.

Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences - 2014; 30(2)

The effect of time between thawing and transfer of cryopreserved cattle embryos by ethylene glycol on pregnancy rates

Effect of ovarian functions on estrus sychronization and pregnancy rate in Brown Swiss heifers and non-lactating cows

Comparative efficacies of two different commercial products containing nitroxynil against fascioliasis in cattle

Determination of protective effectiveness of Nerium oleander distillation in doxorubicin-induced organ damages

Effect of alcoholic extract of Tarantula cubensis (Theranekron®) on serum thiobarbituric acid-reactive species concentrations in sheep

Efficacies of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis vaccines against caseous lymphadenitis in mice and sheep

Antibody prevalence against respiratory viruses in naturally infected cattle in Central Anatolia

Differential diagnosis of Fasciola hepatica from different animal hosts by PCR

Comparison and analysis of phylogenetic relationship based on internal transcribed spacer 1, ITS-1 fragment of Eimeria tenella and Eimeria acervulina from broiler chicken in Korea

The current situation of small ruminant enterprises of Burdur province

Volumetric estimations of the gray matter, white matter and lateral ventricles on the brain hemispheres in horses using Cavalieri principle

Vulvo-vaginal myiasis in a queen caused by Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Nematocera: Calliphoridae)

Effect of alcoholic extract of Tarantula cubensis (Theranekron^®) on serum thiobarbituric acid-reactive species concentrations in sheep