Evaluation of California Mastitis Test (CMT) for Diagnosis of Subclinical Mastitis in Hair Goats

İbrahim Aydın, H. Hüseyin Hadimli, H. Ahmet Çelik, Zafer Sayın — 2007-09-01

The objective of this study is to evaluate of CMT for diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in Hair goat, Konya and to isolate bacteria causing subclinical maslitis. For this purpose, 508 goali were examined from five herds. Milk samples were collected from 985 mammary giands and checked by CMT. All CMT positive milk samples and a number of 50 negative milk samples (as a control) were used for microbiological analyses. According to CMT results, 11.7% of goats and 7,9% of mammary glands were classified to htve subclinical mastitis. While 32.2% of the infections were bilateral, 67.8% were unilateral. Infections were detected in a ratio of 43.6% in the right glands and 56,4% in the left glands, and there was no statistical difference (P > 0.05). Among the CMT positive milk samples. 79.5% had bacterial growth, whereas no bacteria were detected in 20.5%. Of the CMT negative milk samples, only 14% showed bacterial growth while 86% were free of growth. By comparison cultural results with CMT from samples obtained from subclinical cases, CMT were verified by bacterial growth (P > 0.05). The mostly detectod pathogen in CMT positive milk samples was Coagulaz negative Staphylococci

Occurence of Infectious Bovine RhİnotracheİÜS After Pasîeurella haemolytica Vaccinations

İrem Gütaçtı, Hakan Bulut — 2007-09-01

Pasteurella (Mannheimia) haemolytica is one of the major causative agents of severe pneumonia causing high mortality rate in cattle. Vaccines for pneumonic pasteurellosis have been used in many countries. In this study, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) cases occuring after Pasteurella haemolytica vaccination were reported. For this aim, nasal swap samples were taken from 10 IBR-suspected animals lhat were previously vaccinated against Pasteurella haemolytica. In result of polymerase chain reaction (PCR), 6 of 10 IBR-suspected animals were detected as positive. Considering high prevalance of IBR infection in our country, results of this study is very important.

The Efficacy or Inactivated Salmonella Typhimurium Vaccines with Ginseng in Mice and Sheep

H. Hüseyin Hadimli, Osman Erganiş, Zafer Sayın, Bügehan Yıldınm — 2007-09-01

The aim ol this study was to determine effectiveness of inactivated Salmonella Typhimurium vaccines ad-luvantod wilh mineral oil (MO), mineral 08 +■ ginseng (MO+G). aluminium hydroxide (AH) and aluminium hydroxide + ginseng (AH+G) in sheep and mice. S. Typhimurium vaccines were administered in sheep twice at 3 weeks intervals, subcutaneously or intramascularly Blood samples were collected at weeks 3, 5 and 9 after vaccination. The titers ol antibodies against S. Typhimurium in serum samples were detected by using self-made Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELI S A). The inactivated S, Typhimurium vaccines were administered to mice twice with two weeks intervals by IM or SC routes. The measurement of the antibody in mice was done by micro serum agglutination test (mSAT), Levels of antibodies in sera of vaccinated animals were significantly higher than the controls. No mortality and morbidity were observed m mice vaccinated and challanged. In addition, interactions between classical adjuvants and ginseng wore also evaluated. Consequently, effectiveness of S, Typhimurium vaccines prepared from local strains was found to bo useful to protect sheep from the infection ol S. Typhimurium.

Physico-chemical Quality of the Water Resources in the Van Region

Sema Ağaoğlu, Süleyman Alemdar, Mustafa Alişarlı, Semiha Dede — 2007-09-01

In the present study, physico-chemical qualities of the water resources such as well, stream, fountain, tap and tank water obtained from the city of Van and its provinces (Erciş, Özalp, Saray, Muradiye, Çaldıran, Gürpınar, Gevaş and Edremit) were investigated. For this purpose, in the spring, summer, autumn and winter seasons, from 100 locations, 366 samples were collected as material, tour times from each spots. In these samples; pH, colour, turbidity, temperature, total roughness, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, electrical conductivity, carbon dioxide, carbonate, bicarbonate, sulphate, phosphate and organic substance amounts were analyzed. According to the results, turbidity values in the fountain water samples of the city center, its provinces and the tank water samples of the town were not in conformity with the related regulations. Furthermore; chloride, color, turbidity, electrical conductivity and sulphate in the well water, colour and sulphate in the fountain water, total roughness in the stream water of the city centers and towns; magnesium and colour in the stream water, chloride and turbidity in the fountain water of the city center, electrical conductivity in the fountain water of the towns were found to be higher than the values specified in the Turkish Drinking Water Standards. Carbon dioxide levels were also not in acceptable limits established in the quality criteria in all samples.

The metabolic effects of zinc in laying hens

Tuba Bülbül — 2007-09-01

High yield levels in layer are achieved by the feeding methods used. Besides macrominerals, also trace minerals have to be included in rations to meet the nutrient requirements efficiently. The importance of trace minerals zinc depends on its participation in numerous enzymes in body, affecting various metabolic events, increasing the resistance to diseases and particularly proving weight gain increasing egg production and quality in growing pullets and mature hens.

The Effects of Aflatoxin and Gluconıannan on some Hematological Parameters in Rabbits

Nurcan Dönmez, Banu Atalay, Deniz Fedai — 2007-09-01

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of aflatoxin and glukomannan on some hematological parameters. In the study, 40 New Zelland rabbits were used and the rabbits were seperated equally to four groups as control (K), glucomannan (G), glucomannan+ aflatoksin (AF) and aflatoxin (A). At the end of the (10 week) experiment, erythrocyte and haemoglobin levels decreased significantly (p<0.05) in A and AG groups compared with control group and there was no differences in MCV, MCH and MCHC levels between groups. When compared with control leukocyte count increased in A and AG groups (p<0.05). Additionally, heterofil count was higher and lymphocyte count was lower in A group (p<0.05) than control. In conclusion, the results determined in the study might be important to demonstrate the effects cf aflatoxicosis and glucomannan on some haematological parameters before the clinical symptoms appear.

The Microanatomy of Saphenous and Popliteal Arteries in Angora Rabbit

Sadullah Bahari, Vural Özdemir — 2007-09-01

Aim: The purpose of this study was to show macroanatomical conformation of saphenous and popliteal artery in Angora Rabbits and to compare results with other domestic animals. Material and method: fn this study 10 adult Angora Rabbits of both sexes were used. The animals were sacrtficsd by ordinary method and injected colored latex by means of the abdominal aorta. Results: Giving the highest (descending) genicular artery, saphenous artery coursed superficially to medial surface of the leg and then gave off lateral and medial plantar arteries on the one of fourth distal surface of tibia. Highest genicular artery had two branches which were called superficial and prolund. First branch supplied to fascia and subcutan tissue on the medial surface of the stifle joint. Second branch gave branches which supplied to femoropatellar joint and cranial region of the stifle joint. Flexor tendons and their tendovagina which passed through plantar surface of tarsal joint and this joint were mostly supplied by lateral plantar artery. Alter giving branches to heel plexus, medial plantar artery divided into profund and superficial ramit. First branch joined arcuate artery lor composing of deep plantar arch. Second branch initially supplied to sole and then gave off plantar common digital arteries to supply to digits. After giving lateral proximal and medial proximal and middle genicular, sural and caudal tibial arteries, popliteal artery continued as cranial tibial artery. Caudal tibial artery vascularized popliteal and some llexor muscles which placed on caudal region of calf. Cranial tibial artery gave medial distal genicular and recurrens crania! tibial arteries and nutrient artery to the libula behind crus and then divided into proximal and distal branches. These branches reached front of the crus by perforating interosseal membran. After giving branches which supply extensor muscles on the lateral surface of tibia, proximal branch reached upper surface of foot as superficial ramus and composed of dorsal common digital arteries. Distal branch initially gave nutrient artery of the tibia and then passed front of the crus and continued its course as dorsal pedal artery to the tarsal joint. Conclusion: The findings o( our study suggest that the origin, movement and vascularization area of saphenous and popliteaı artery ot this stsecies demonstrated closely resembles to that of the New Zealand white rabbits.

The Artcriel Vascularization of the Visccra and Female Sex Organs of Quails at Three Different Periods

Şükrü Hakan Atalgın — 2007-09-01

In this study, colored latex was enjected into to the arteriel system to investigate the arteriel vas-cularisation of the viscera and female sex organs of the 21 quails obtained from Mudurnu region. The coeliac artery supplied the proventriculus, gizzard, duodenum, ileum, caeca, and pancreas. The cranial mesenteric artery distributed braches to the duodenum, jejenum, ileum, and caeca. The caudal mesenteric artery supplied the ileum and rectum. The kidneys were supplied by the cranial, middle, and caudal renal arteries. The left gonad was supplied by the ovarian artery or arteries. The oviduct was supplied by the cranial oviductal artery, accessory cranial oviductal artery, middle oviductal artery, caudal oviductal artery, and cranial oviductal artery. The vaginal artery supplied the vagina.

Investigation of Genetic Structure of Angora Goat By Using Starch Gel Electrophoretic Method

Vahdettin Altunok, Mehmet Nizamlıoğlu, Zafer Bulut — 2007-09-01

In this present study, we determined the genetic structure of Angora and other breeds of goats. For this purpose, five different enzyme loci; superoxide dismutase (SOD), carbonic anhydrase 1 (CA1), esterase D (EsD), glutamic oxaloasetic transaminase (GOT), phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD) and their 6 loci were examined by starch gel electrophoresis. In the study, red blood cell enzymes of 100 Angora goats from Yerköy (Animal Research Institute) and 19 goats belonging to 3 other breeds (Saanen, hair and Maltese goat) were used. For each of the enzyme systems appropriate buffers end chemicals for the activity staining were used in accordance with the information given in the literature. The observed bands of the izoenzymes were analysed. It is revealed that neither loci of SOD, Ca1, EsD, GOT, PGD of the individuals of Angora goat nor the individuals of other races exhibited variation. They displayed identical bands and they were all homozygotes. Therefore this study showed that 5 enzymes loci exhibited monomorphic. It is suggesting that, with respect to the loci studied, Angora goats do not differ from the other breeds of goats.

Researching the Effects of Methylprednisoione (MP) and Dimethyl Sulphoxide (DMSO) on the Prevention of Peritoneal Adhesions in Rabbits

Fahrettin Alkan, Yılmaz Koç, İlhami Çelik, Muharrem Erol, M.Faruk Aydın — 2007-09-01

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of methylprednisoione (MP) and dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) on the prevention of peritoneal adhesions in rabbits. Thirtysix rabbits were used. The rabbits divided into three groups, each having 12 rabbits. In all rabbits in three groups, midline laparotomies were applied. Six- eight longitudinal incision were made on the left peritoneal surface. Area that 1x2cm, was excised from, the right peritoneal surface. Group 1, 2, and, 3 were intraperitoneal^ administered 5 ml/kg of the physiologycal saline (0.9%NaCI solution), 15 mg/kg methylprednisoione in 5 ml of the physiologycal saline, and 1 g/kg dimethyl sulphoxide in 5 ml of the physiologycal saline respectively following the laparotomy, and injections were continued for 5 days after laparotomy. Fourteen days after surgery, all rabbits underwent via a paramedian incision in order to evaluate whether the presence and extend of the adhesions. In the defective areas were taked the biopsy samples from the hystologic researchs. The results suggest that the MP and DMSO used in this study significantly decrease the incidence and degree of peritoneal adhesions when compared to the saline group.

Determination of alpha naphthyl acetate esterase activity in peripheral blood leucocytes of Kangal fish (Garra rufa)

Hasan Hüseyin Dönmez, Emrah Sur, Murat Boydak — 2007-09-01

The aim of the study was to determine the percentage of peripheral blood ANAE (+) lymphocytes in Kangal fishs by using an alpha-naphtyl acetate esterase procedure. Peripheral blood samples taken from 12 Kangal fishs were used. The percentage of ANAE positive lymphocytes was 62.06%. There was a diffuse granular positivity against ANAE demonstration in monocytes and granulocytes; however negative reaction were observed in erythrocytes and thrombocytes.

The Comparative Macroanatomfc Researches oıı Bones of YVing (Ossea Alaej in Rock Partridges (A. graectı) and Pheasants (P. colchicus)

Sefa Lök, Hakan Yalçın — 2007-09-01

The purpose of this study is to determine the macroanatomy of humerus, radius, ulna, ossa carpi, carpometacarpus and ossa digitorum manus forming bones ol wing in rock partridges and rigneck pheasant and to compare the differences between them. In this research, 10 rock partridges and 10 rigneck pheasant, ten weeks old, were used. Length measures and definite anatomic formations were determined. Humerus was in a pneumatic structure in both species. Partridges measures ol all bone length were always lower than pheasants measures. In all partridges, formations of impressio coracobrachialis and fossa penumotricipitalis at the level o) humerus proximal were observed as a deeper structure, in all pheasants, radius had more evident external curve than the the radius in partridges, but. in contrast, the inclination to outward of ulna was more definite in partridges. Os carpi radiale of the pheasants was a disordered guadrangle or like a bow-tie. In all pheasants and partridges, it was determined that 1. finger consists of one phalanx, 2. tinger consists of two phalanxes and 3. finger consists ol one phalanx. In conclusion, when partridges and pheasants bone ol wing are compared whit other bird species, evident differences wore determined. It was observed that there were some macroanatomic differences between partridges and pheasants.

Vaccination Techniques in Fish

Kürşat Kav , Osman Erganiş — 2007-09-01

In recent years, fish vaccines are heavily used in aquaculture against bacterial and viral infections. Injection and/or immersion type vaccines that are used commonly are prepared by inactivation of antigen with formaldehite. Vaccines are used effectively against bacterial (Vibrio spp. Aeromonas spp, Yersinia spp, pasteurella spp, Streptococcus spp.) and viral infections (Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (VHS), Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis (IHN), Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis (IPN), etc) in aquaculture and sea water. In this rewiev, vaccination techniques and mechanisms of immunization are described in aquaculture.

Case report: Serologic Investigation of Canine Coronavirus presence in a dog shelter

Sibel Gür, Turan Civelek — 2007-09-01

In this study, the presence of canine coronavirus infection (CCoV) was serologically investigated in a dog shelter where an infection with dehydration, severe hemorrhagic gastroenteric and high mortality in puppies were observed in Bursa region. Blood samples were obtained from 23 adult female dogs which lost ail or a few of their puppies and from 36 puppies which were recovered Irom the infection or had continuous diarrhoea, As a typical autopsy findings, hemorrhagic gastroenteritis were noted in all dead puppies. According to the indirect ELISA test results all adult dog and 34 out ol 36 puppies were found to be positive lo CCoV antibodies. (57 / 59). Clinically and serologically CCoV infection was identified in puppies in the shelter and it was determined that the seroposilıvıty of CCoV infection was %96.6.

Anuria in a Male Calf

Aliye Sağkan Öztürk, Alparslan Coşkun, Şebnem Canikli, Mahmut Ok — 2007-09-01

In this study, a case of in 3.5 to 4 month old male calf suffering from anuria was evaluated clinical, hematological, biochemical, urinal ve ultrasonographical findings. Serum BUN, creatinine and K levels were increased. But Na and CI levels were decreased. Blood, protein and alot of crystals in urine was detected. In the ultrasonograph examination, sistitis and peritonitis were appeared.

Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences - 2007; 23(2)