Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences - 1989; 5(1)

Studies at the level of light, electron and fluorescence microscopy the connection of perisinusoidal cells with Vitamin A metabolism in hens

Reşat Nuri AŞTI — 1989-01-01

The purpose of 'this study Was to investigate at the level of light, electron and fluorescence microscopy the connection of perisinusoidal cells with Vitamin A metabolism in hens. Thirtytwo adult Babcock toreed hens were used throughout the study. Examination of control animals' liver tissue revealed few fat storing cells carrying one or two small lipid droplets in their cytoplasms. In the animals fed with Vitamin A palmitate, lipid droplets given fluorescence against Vitamin A and reaction With 'Sudan 3 and gold chloride were observed in the cytoplasm of liver epithelial cells during the first day. Starting from second day, as lipid droplets to be found in the perisinusoidal cells and towards 15 th days they reached the maximum levels. Formations having smilar characteristics of lipid droplets were seen in dilated granuler endoplasmic sacs in the perisinusoidal cells. According to our findings, it was concluted that Vitamin A is stored as being Vitamin A ester in perisinusoidal cells of liver and these cells could have esterification activity oif Vitamin A.

Etudes macro-anatomiquement sur les os du squelette du vison

Necdet DURSUN, Sadettin TIPIRDAMAZ — 1989-01-01

Dans ce travail on a effectue des etudes macro-anatomiques sur les os du squelette du vison. Pour ce faire, on a utilise '7 visons. Nous avons montre ci-deissous les particularites et les differences obtenus les plus ımportantes : 1 — L'atlas possede trois orifices, le trou conjugaison, le trou alaire et le trou transversaire. Le trou transversaire, cormme chez le porc, e'st situe au bord caudal de l'aile de 1'atlas contre la face articulaire caudal et, il perfore au sens sagittal. 2 — L'apophyse odontoide, longue et cylindroide, presente une longueur â peu pres 1, 2 cm. Les surfaces articulaire crâniales, convexes et obliques en direction latero-caudale, se reunissent l'une avec l'autre, sans l'apop'hyse odontoide. 3 — L'apophyse epineuse de l'axis, prolongee crânio-caudalement, est en forme de la lame de hacüıe, et arrive â peu pres au meme niveau que le sommet de l'apophyse odontoide, l'extremite caudale de le meme apophyse peu elevee caudodorsalement, est terminee par un tubercule simple. 4 — A la troisieme vertebre cervicale, le (bord crânial de l'arc dorsal forme un tubercule prolonge rostralement entre les deux apophyses arti-culaires crâniales. 5 — Las apophyses articulaires crâniales des quatrieme et cinguieme vertebres cerviicaux for men t une depression en forme d'un U, 'ouvert crânialement, avec le bord crâniale de l'arc dorsale. 6 — La sixieme vertebre cercivale possede l'apophyse costarienne et l'apophyse transverse. Las hords ventrales des apophyses costarieus parallel l'un â l'utre, sont sem'bla;bles â ceux de's equides. 7 - Le vison possede quatorze vertebres thoraciques. Les apophyses epineuses des cinq premieres sont les plus hautes et les sommets des memes verteibres thoraciques sont epais et renfles. La vertere anticlinale est la onzieme. 8 — Chez le vison, les vertebres lomlbaires sont au nombre de sept. Les apophyses transverses qui caracterisent les vertebres lomibaire, com-mencent â apparaître â partir de deuxieme vertebres. 9 — İl y a chez le vison trois vertebres sacrales dont les apophyses epineuses ne sont soudees que par leur base et leurs restes entierement separees. 10 — Le vison possede de 15 â 18 verteibres coccygiennes dont les deux premieres sont tres ibien developpees et pourvues d'un arc hemal. 11 — II y a chez le vison quatorze paires de cotes dont six sternales, sept asternales et une flottante. 12 — Le sternum du vison est forme de cinq sterneibres. La premiere sternebre, la plus loııgue et la plus forte, est en forme conique.

Grading studies on fresh water fishes in Konya region

Nazif ANIL, Yusuf DOĞRUER, Mustafa NİZAMLIOĞLU, Semra TUFAN, Kadir ÖZ — 1989-01-01

This investigation was carried out to develop a grading system and to determine the quality factors for fresh water fishes caught in Konya region. The contents of head, scales, s'kin, fins, internal organs and fishbones; the waste percentages; the yields of fish meat and the organoleptique quality factors were determined on various fresh water fishes. The waste percentages Were found to be 35.61 % for fresh water mullet, 43.612 % for carp, 44.21 % for scaleless carp, 32.26 % for pearl fish, 37.25 % for shiraz and 29.54 % for zander. Therefore, they had a dressing percent of 64.38 %, 56.37 %, 55.78 %, 67.73 %, 6)2.74 % and 70.45 %, respectively. Furthermore, the organoleptique acceptance levels for the same fishes were valued at 7.80, 8.17, 8.412, 6.57, 6.57 and 9.31, respectively. Zander gave the highest dressing percent (70.45 %) due to its lowest waste percentage (29.54 %), plus its quality grade was quite superior (9.31). On the other hand, carp and scaleless carp had a satisfactory meat quality (8.17, 8.42), although they have possesed a low dressing percent (56.37 %, 55.78 %).

Detennination of the levels of zearalenone residue in feeds and feedstuffs by high performance liquid chromatography

1989-01-01

The levets of zea.ralenone were investigated in total 99 various cornmerical fced mixtures and feed ingredients by using HPLC. The sensitivity of the method was found as 1 µg/kg. were eollected in tıhe periods of January - February and April - May from Konya, Adana, Bursa regions. In the first period, total 65 sampleıs which are 19 feeds and 46 feedstuffs were analysed. Zearnlenone was determine in 6 samples of tlhe feeds aınd 15 samples of the feedstuffs. The avarage level of zearalenone was calculated as 3.66 µg/kg in whole samples. In the second period, total 34 samples which are 11 feeds and 23 feedstuffs were analysed. Zearalenone was determined in 6 sampleıs of the feeds and 8 samples of tıhe feedstufıfs. The average level of zearalenone was caleulated as 5.46 µg/kg in whole samples. In both periods, the percentage of the samples included zearalenon was average 33 % and the mean zearalenone level was determined as 4.31 µg/kg feed. The samples contained about 10 µg/kg zearalenone may cause hipercostrogenism in pigs. Same effects mıay be seen in the other animals when these feedstuffs fed for a long periods.

The influence of zeranol on certain blood biochemical values of male lambs

Ahmet ACET, Muhtar TİFTİK, Bünyamin TRAŞ, Nuri BAŞPINAR — 1989-01-01

The concentrations of glucose, total protein, Na⁺ , K⁺ , glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (GOT) and Cholesterol in blood serum were determined to investigate certain biochemical aspects of the mode of action of zeranol. Experimental animals (male lambs of Konya merinos) consisted of control (Ili5 untreated), Group I (15 male lambs implanted with 112 mg Zeranol) and Group II 015 male lambs implanted with twice H2 mg Zeranol at fourty fivedays intervals). Blood samples were taken at intervals of 15 days and concentrations of glucose, total protein, Na⁺ , K⁺ , GOT and cholesterol in blood serum were determined. The effects of Zeranol on blood biochemical values were found to be significant, except for Na⁺ and K⁺ values. Concentrations of glucose in Group I and Group II were higher than in Control. This increase was significant (P < 0.01). The differences among group were found statistically to be important (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) at 0.15. and 45. days. The levels of cholesterol botih Control and Group I and Group II were high. Acording to statistics analysis, the variation of concentrations within groups were important in Group I and Group II (P < 0.05). However, the differences among groups were shown to be significant at 45. days (P < 0.01). At the begining, concentrations of total protein in Control, Group I and Group II were respectively 6,06 ± 0,09, 6,01 ± 0,16 and 5,96 ± 0,02 gr/dl. At the end of trial, these values were decreased to 5,89 ± 0,14, 5,66 ± 0,23 and 5,67 ± 0,16 respectively. The decreases of concentrations of tota] protein in Control; Group I and Group II were found to be significant as statistics (P<0.01). Concentrations of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) were higher (P < 0.01). in implanted than in Control males. It was shown to decreas the K⁺ values, in increasing the concentrations of Na⁺ in all groups. The increase and decrease of the values of Na⁺ and K⁺ were significant statistically (P<0,01). However, the values of Na⁺ and K⁺ among groups Were only found to be differences at 60. and 120. days (P < 0.05, P < 0,01) and 120. days (P < 0,05) respectively.

The effects of Zeranol on male genital tract in merino lambs

Sadettin TIPIRDAMAZ, Ahmet ACET, Ramazan KADAK, Hasan ERDEN — 1989-01-01

In this study, fourty-fiVe merino lambs were used. These animals were divided into there groups. Twelve mg of Zeranol were implanted sulbcutaneously to ear of the first and second groups lambs. Fourty days later, the same dose of Zeranol was reimplanted to the second, group lamlbs. The remaining 15 lambs were served as nonimplanted controls. Five lambs belonging to each group were slaughtered at 80, 1/20 and 160 days after implantation. Before slaughtering the lambs body weight were measured. Then testes, epididymides, vesicular glands and bulbourethral glands were weighted. The testes weights and their ratio to the body weights in the Zeranol implanted groups slaughtered at the 80 th days were significantly lower than the control group. No differences Were found in testicular of lambs slaughtered at the 120 th and 160 th days. On the other hand, any significant differences were not observed in the bulbourethral glands, vesicular glands and epi-didymal weights between the three groups.

The Effect of Different Rations on pH and Volatile Fatty Acids in The Rumen of Angora Goats

Mehmet KOCABATMAZ, M. Yaşar AKSOYLAR, Zafer DURGUN, Mursayettin EKSEN — 1989-01-01

Three Angora goats of 2 years old and with permanent rumen cannula were used in tihe experiments. Feeding the animals were performed according to 3x3 Latin square desing with 30 day periods. The alfalfa straw and concentrate mixture were fed in the proportions of 80 :20, 60 :40 and 40 : 60 in treatments I, II and III respectively. The rations were given once a day at the 3 % level o'f each goat's body weight. The ruminal samples were taken before feeding at 4 th and 8 tth hours after feeding in the remaining twelve days of each period. pH values of rumen content for all of 3 rations were found to be highest (7.iH5, 7.25, 7.125) before feeding, decreased (5.95, 6.17, 6,32) at the 4th hour and increased (6.03, 6,22, 6.46) at the 8 th hour after feeding. While the pH values of rumen contents were decreasing acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and total volatile fatty acid increased at 4 th hour after feeding. The difference between the acetic acid values of treatment II and III was found significant (p < 0.05) at 4 and 8 th hours after feeding. Whereas the difference between butyric acid values of treatment II and III was found highly significant (p < 0.01) at all sampling times. All values of volatile fatty acids were higher for treatment III than the other treatments at the each sampling time.

The Diagnosis, Isolation of Etiological Agents and Antibiotic Susceptibility Test Results in Cows and Buffalos Suffering from Subclinical Mastitis

Erol ALAÇAM, Tevfik TEKELİ, Osman ERGANİŞ, A. Nedim İZGİ — 1989-01-01

In this study, diagnosis, isolation of microbiological agents and antibiotic susceptibility results were comparatively determined on sufoclinically mastitic cow's and buffalos in the same farm at differents seasons. The cell counts of the milk samples collected according to the scores of CMT in cows and buffalos were 1.700.000 ± 320.000 and 1.340.000 ± 290.000 respectively. The incidence of subclinical mastitis cases Were between 6.73 -17.25 % in cows and 4.68 -16.25 % in buffalos during the period of study. On the other hand high incidence was observed during summer months. The staphylococcus spp were on the top levels as a 26.19 % in cows and 37.50'% in buiffalos. Following this, Corynebacterium spp rates in cows and buffalos were 30.95 % and 8.33 % respectively. In additon to these, Streptococcus spp, E. coli, K. pneumonia, E. aeruginosa, B. cereus, Anaerobic gram (+) bacillus, Aspergillus spp, Penicillum spp, Candida spp were also isolated in low rates. Antibiotic susceptibility test results were screened on the table. The differences statistically was not important in the subclinical mastitis incidence rates, microorganisms and effective antibiotics between the cows and buffalos.

Comparative studies on the intramuscularly injections of different regions in dogs

Sadettin TIPIRDAMIAZ, Nuri YAVRU, Kadircan ÖZKAN — 1989-01-01

In this study it was aimed to find the most suitable region comparing both the spread of injected material and appropriaty of the region by means of intramuscularly injections which are applied from different regions in veterinary clinics. In tills study 16 dogs were used under two separate groups. The dogs in the first group were injected 2 ml. of contrast medium with a 2i2 mm. long needle from the infraspinata, supraspinata, gluteal and fem.oris caudalis regions. Latero-medial radiographs of all the regions were taken and the spread of con/trast medium Was examined, after 5,15, and 30 minuteis of injections. In the second group the dogs were injected 2 ml. of indian ink to the above mentioned regions with the same length needles. The dolgs were euthanized after 30 minutes of injection and were kept in a deepfreeze for a day. After the end of this prioed, sections were done on the regions in order to determine the degree of spread of indian ink. As a result it has been decided that infraspinata and gluteal regions were superior to the other regions from the point of spread of contrast medium and indian ink, and from the anatomical point of view regio infraspinata was superior to other regions.

The effect of Zeranol on haematological values and some blood metabolites of lambs

Mursayettin EKSEN, Ahmet ACET, Zafer DURGUN, Haluk KELEŞTİMUR — 1989-01-01

Zeranol (resorcylic acid lactone, Ralgro) is one of the most widely-used growth agents in beef catties and lambs in our country. Forty-five male lambs of Konya Merino were used in trial. The effects of Zeranol on haematological values and some blood metabolites were investigated. This study was made as three groups. There were fifteen male lambs in each group. Group I (Control), Group II and Group III were respectively, control (no implanted), 112 mg Zeranol implanted and twice 12 mig Zeranol implanited at forty days intervals. This trial was continued on ninety days. Blood samples were taken at fifteen days intervals. Implantation had no significant effect on haematological values of lambs. It was determined that the limits of variation of red blood cell (RBC) count of Group I, Group II and Group III were respectively; 785. - 10.31 x10⁶ 6.86-10.02 x10⁶ and 8.15 -10.80 x10⁶ /mm³ . Group III had lower white blood cell (WB'C) count than Group I and Group II up to sixtyth days, but after that they had higher than other groups. Implanted lambs had lower mean haemoglobin (Hb) concentration than control lambs. The sedimantation rate of stored blood (ESR) was generally found the similar pattern among groups. The ammonia nitrogen value; from blood metabolites which had been analysed were higher in implanted than in control lambs but the serum urea nitrogen values were generally lower. The serum total protein values were approximetaly same in all groups.

The investigation of aflatoxin, ochratoxin A and zearalenone residues in feeds and feedstuffs by chromatographic method

H. Ahmet ACET, Ömer DEMET, Bünyamin TRAŞ — 1989-01-01

This investigation was conducted to determine the levels of aflatoxins, ochr'atoxin A and zearalenone in feeds and feedstuffs obtained from various regions of Turkey. Samples were analysed by thin layer chromatography. In this method, mycotoxinis were extracted with chloroform from materials and then tranfered through the sep-pak cardrige coloumn to elute the mycotoxins residues. Mycotoxins were found in the nine samples of a hundred materials analysed. Aflatoxin B! in two samples, ochratoxin A in five samples and zearalenone in three samples were determined. The average concentrations of aflatoxin B₁ , ochmtoxin A and zearalenone were 3.75., 12 and 6,6 microgram/kg respectively. The detectalble limits were 1 microgram/kig for aflatoxin, 2 microgram/kg for ochratoxin A and 4 microgram,/kg for zearalenone. According to results, the levels mycotoxins determined in the samples will not cause an extremely cases, however would make residue problems with consumption of these feeds ;by the animals for a long periods.

Biochemical and microbiological investigations of subclinical mastitis in cows

Mehmet NİZAMLIOĞLU, Tevfik TEKELİ, Osman ERGANİŞ, Nuri BAŞPINAR — 1989-01-01

The aim of this study *was to investigate some 'biochemical and microbiological values for the early diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in healthy and mastitic cows. In the present study, a total of .30 Brown-Swiss cows, in >5-7 years old, supplied by Konya Animal Research Centre, were used as materials. Blood samples were taken from the animals at the same time as the milk. All the biochemical and microbiological determinations were performed on the same day. ALP, albumin, Na and K values Were determined in the blood serum samples. The counting of the PMN, LDH, ALP, Na and K values were measured in the milk samples. In the subclinical mastitic cows, milk LDH, ALP, Na ve K values were found statistically significant. Furthermore, the counting of the PMN increased significantly. Blood serum sample values were not found s Latistically significant. As a result, it was useful to determine of the LDH, ALP, Na, K and the counting of the PMN in milk for the early diagnosis subclinic mastitis. Other tests, blood serum albumin, Na and K values were not found mainly important for the early diagnosis of the subclinic mastitis.

Determination of tetracycline residues in animal tissues by thin-layer chromatography

H. Ahmet ACET, Ömer DEMET, Bünyamin TRAŞ — 1989-01-01

This study was evaluated to determine by thin layer chromatography of their residues to !be found in animal tissues of tetracycline group antibiotics, which were widely used in Veterinary field. It was used IN HCL and methanol in extraction of samples and an Amber]ite XAD-2 resin colomn for clean-up. Slicaigel 60 G, cellulose and slicagel HF₂₅₄ were applied aş adsorbent. It was shown that cellulo'se was better result than others. Their recovery were approximetaly determined as 62 %, adding the tetracyclines at 0.5, 1.0 and ,1.5 ppm concentrations to the tissues (muscle, liver, kidney) which was not found the tetracyclines residues. The analyse sensitivity of this system was 1.0 ppm for liver and 0.5 ppm for muscle and kidney. It was concluded that this method would be able to be used for determination of tetracyclines residues in animal tissues as routine.

Microbiological investigations of poultry slaughtering techniques with dry and wet systems

1989-01-01

This research was carried out for the microbiological evaluation of poultry slaughtering techniques with dry and wet systems. Chickens slaughtered by both techniques and the scalding water were used as materials. In physical investigations; the contents of waste material were estimated as 0,3)137 gr/,100 ml in softscadding (HH), 0.1096 gr,/100 ml in sub-scalding and 0.1256 gr/100 ml in hard^scalding. In bacteriological examinations; the counts of total viable microorganisms were found to be as average 4.7 x10² per gram in the non-scalded chickens, but no growth was observed among the coliform microorganisms and fecal streptococci. In scalded chickens, the counts of total viable microorganisms were determined as 7.4 x 10⁵ per gram in sample HH, 1.4 xl0⁶ per gram in sample VH, 2.2x 10⁶ per gram in sample KH. In the same samples, 'the counts of coliform microorganisms were 5.3 x 10⁴ , 7.7 x 10⁴ , 8.9 x 10⁴ per gram, respectively. The numbers of microflora were higher in scalding water than those of in chicken meat. The counts of total vialble microorganisms were 9.0 x 10³ per gram in sample HH and 1.3 x 10⁶ per gram in VH, but this level has dropped to 8.6 x ilO3 per gram in sample RH. In tihe same samples an intense growth was observed for coliform microorganisms and fecal streptococci, but no proliferation was seen for both microorganisms in sample KH. As a result, it may be decided that the slaughtering techniques with wet system are not hygienic enough and could cause microbiological examination, on the other hand, the dry system can 'be considered more hygienic, but not suitable for mass production. Therefore, the "vapor -scalding" system which is more hygienic and up-to-date would be highly beneficial for the poultry industry.

ANION GAP AS A PROGNOSTIC INDEX FOR COWS WITH ABOMASAL DISPLACEMENT AND CECAL DILATATION AND TORTION

Kürşat TURGUT — 1989-01-01

Case records of total 66 cows with albomasal displacement and cecal dilatation and torsion were examined to determine whethar the preoperative heart rate, plasma base excess (BE) concentration, serum chloride (Cl^- ) and Anion gap (AG) could be used as a prognostic index. Cows were divided into groups according to the following ranges; Heart rate ≥90; BE:>+7.5, <-5; Cl^- : ≤88; AG:>26. The higest dead rates were observed with 73.3 % and 52.63 % in AG and Cl^- , respectively (p < 0.05). It was found that preoperative calculation of AG could be reliably used and predict the outcome of abomasal displacement and cecal dilatation and torsion in dairy cattle. The AG was much more accurate index for predicting outcome than BE and heart rate. Cl^- concentration could be used as the second criterion.

The arteriel blood supply of thoracic limb in dogs

Necdet DURSUN, Sadettin TIPIRDAMAZ, Memdulh GEZİCİ — 1989-01-01

This study was made to investigate the arteriel blood blood supply of thoracic limb in dogs. In this study, 14 dogs were used. Latex and polyester resin were used in the investigation of the material. Axillary artery supplies thoracic limb. Axillary artery divides into brachial and subscapular arteries between the sulbscapularis and the conjoined tendon of the teres major and latissimus dorsi. The subscapular artery continues dorsocaudally between the subscapularis and teres major along the caudal border of the scapula towards its caudal angle. The circumflex scapular cranial and caudal circumflex humeral and thoracodorsal arteries arise from subsapulary artery. The brachial artery is the distal continuation of the axillary artery in the arm. The brachial artery, after giving the deep brachial artery, the collateral ulnar artery, the superficial brachial artery, the transverse cubital artery and the common interosseus artery is termed median artery. From these arteries, medial branch of superficial antebrachial artery dosen't form dorsal carpal rete it directly continues as common dorsal digital artery. The median artery gives the deep antebrachial artery, radial artery within the proximal third and fourth of the forearm respectively. The parent vessel forms palmar superficial arch. From this arch arise abaxial palmar digital artery V and palmar common digital arteries I, II, III and IV. From this arch arises abaxial palmar digital artery. V. Besides, dorsal branch of the ulnar artery continues as abaxial dorsal digital artery V.

MICROBIOLOGICAL EXAMINATION OF THE TRACHEAL FLUSHING SAMPLE AND ITS CLINICAL IMPORTANCE

Kürşa't TURGUT, Osman ERGANİŞ, Abdullah BAŞOĞLU, Mehmet ÇORLU, Mahmut OK — 1989-01-01

Nasal swalb and tracheal flushing samples were taken from 25 calves with clinical symptoms of pneumonia which have been admitted to the Clinic of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Selçuk for microbiological examination. While microbiological isolation from nasal swab could be performed in 2:2 of 25 calves and revealed a large population of normal flora, microbiological isolation from tracheal flushing samples could be performed in 15 of 25 ca'lves and obtained more pure culture; P. pneumonia (40%), Staph, aureus (20%), Klebsiella ssp. (13.(3%), Corynebacterium ssp. (6:6%), Shigella ssp. (6.6%), Ps. maltophila (6.6 %), Aspergillus ssp. (6:6%) (1). In 7 of 10 calves which microbiological isolation cauld not be performed from tracheal flushing samples various antibiotics had been injected farmerly. Linco-spectin and Gentamicin were found to be effective in 11 (47 %) and 9 (39 %) cases of the bacterial pneumonia of calves, respectively. One calf from which Aspergillus ssp. was isolated was treated with Thiabendazole. One calf could not be treated. Tulberculosis was diagnosed in the pathologic and bacteriologic examination in its autopsy. The other 3 calves were treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics. In conclusion, it was found that tracheal flushing sampling method could be used easily and safely in the diagnosis and treatment of infectious calf pneumonia.

Fertility and gestation length in purebred Arab mares mated at foal heat and the other normal heats

Eşref DEMİRCİ — 1989-01-01

Breeding data were analysed for 398 gestation periods of 117 purebred Ara'b mares aged 4-19 years which were maintained on Sultansuyu State Farm in Turkey from 1980 to 1907. Mares were bred in March, April and May, and 249 foaling mares were fred at the foal heat (within 8-12 days). Oestrous detection were made by teasing procedure and clinical examination before being mated 'naturally on the 2nd, 4th and 6th days of oestrus. If a mare was not in oestrus during 60 days it was presumed to be pregnant. The number of mares at foal heat mating, non foal heat mating and maiden mare mating were 249, 204 and 60 and the respective conception rates were 59.04 %, 60.78 % and 65.00 %. In these three groups, after three cestrous matings conception rates were 75.90 %, 79.90 % and 76.67 %, the rates of mares from which the foal was aborted or dead were 2.41 %, 3.43% and 1.67%, the rates of mares failing to conceive were 24.10%, 20,10 % and 23.33 % and the rates of mares producing a live foal were 73.49 %, 76.47% and 75.00 %, respectively. The grand total conception rate at first oestrous mating was 60.43 %, after three oestrous mating was 77.58 %. Grand total rates of mares from which the foal was aborted or dead, mares failing to conceive and mares producing a live "foal were 2.78 %, 212.42 % and 74.85 %, for all eight years, respectively. Last mating day and birtih day were included to gestation length. Gestation length ranged from 314-372 days and averaged 336.45 + 0.45 days. The average gestation length of 145 mares mating at foal heat, 194 mares mating at non foal heat and 45 maiden mares mating were 33.7.95 ± 0.7/2, 33539 ± 0.64 and 336,16 ± 1.16 days, respectively. The differences between average gestation lengths were significant (P< 0.05).

Determination of vitamin A and ß-carotene levels in plasma of dairy cows

Mehmet NİZAMLIOĞLU, Ahmet ACET, Ramazan KADAK, Ali Muhtar TİFTİK Bünyamin TRAŞ — 1989-01-01

The aim of this present study was to investigate the coversion of ß-carotene to vitamin A by measuring plasma vitamin A and ß3-carotene in dairy cows. In this study, a total of 14 Brown-Swiss Cows, in 4-6 years old, supplied by Konya Animal Research Centre, were, used as materials. Animals were diveded into two equal groups. Group1; control group. Group 2; supplemented with ß-carotene (1 gr/day/each cow). Blood was sampled weekly from the animals during the experimental period of 5 weeks. ß-carotene and vitamin A levels in the blood samples were assayed by using HPLC. In group 2, plasma vitamin A and ß-carotene levels were increased statistically significant (P < 0.0,1, P<0.05). As a conclusion, it will be useful to supplement ß-carotene in dairy cows when the plasma ß-carotene and vitamin A are low.

Microbiological status of tea sold in Elazığ

Türker AŞAN — 1989-01-01

Micro/biological status of tea sold in Elazığ was studied in order to collect data on the microtbioological quality of Turkish tea. Two packages from each of 25 different brands were bought by random sampling and two 5 gramme samples from each package were used for determining total plate count, coliforms, faecal streptococcus, staphylococcus, lactobacillus, thermophileis and mold and yeast. Infusions prepared with boiling water in a 1 : 10 ratio (w/v) were also studied. Average counts, range and percent distribution of each group were tabulated and evaluated.

The effect of furazolidone on the growth of broilers and detection of its residues in tissues by HPLC

Ahmet ACET, Behiç COŞKUN, Ömer DEMET, Bünyamin TRAŞ, Erol BAYTOK — 1989-01-01

Three experiments were conducted to examine the effect of furazolidone on the growth performance of broiler chickens and residue level and excrection time in edible meat, liver and kidney samples. In experiment 1, 240 day-old chicks were assigned to four groups with dietary treatmens including various levels (0, '5, 15, and 45 mg//kg feed) of furazolidone. The diets were fed to 4'2 days old and and growth performance of the groups were determined. In experiment 2, 45 chickens, 42 days old, in 3 groups were given furazolidone 0, 100, 200 mg/'kg feed iior 10 days. In experiment 3, two groups dhickens, each had 15 chickens, were feed furazolidone 300 and 500 mg/kg feed for 5 days as a curative dose. No benefical effects of dietary furazolidone on live weights but decreased feed intake. Two chickens / group / day were slaughtered during the 7 days after withdrawal of furazolidone to determine residue levels. Furazolidone residues were analysed in kidney, liver and muscles by using HPLC. In experiment 1, furazolidone residues were detected during the 7 days in kidney and liver samples and 3 days in muscles. In experiment 2, the residues were disappered at day 6 in kidney and liver samples and day 4 in muscles. But in experiment 3, the drug were not excreted from the tissues even at the end of the 7 days.

The effect of chloramhenicol on production of laying hens and determination of chloramphenicol residues in eggs

1989-01-01

This study was conducted to the effect of chloramhenicol on the e gig production of the laying hens and the residue levels in the eggs. Laying hens in four groups of 30 were fed on a diet containing chloramphenicol 0 ppm (group I), 20 ppm (group II) and 40 ppm (group III) for two mounths and 400 ppm (group IV) as a therapoutic dose for 5 days. Chloramphenicol did not effect on egg yield, egg weight, feed intake, and fed efficiency ratio. The residue of the chloramphenicol in the eggs were determined by uising HPLC. Residues of the chloramphenicol can be routinly quantitated by this method at 2 ppb with 80-90 % recovery. No residue of chloramphenicol in the eggs from the group II was detected. But 5-20 ppb residue were faund in the eggs from group III. Increasing level of residues (58-197) were in the eggs from group IV in the first five days. Then the levels of residues decreased and were not detected on the day 30 after withdrawal of the drug.

A different branching case of the aortic arch in a dog

Sadettin TIPIRDAMAZ, Memduh GEZİCİ, Hasan ERDEN — 1989-01-01

It was observed that the aortic arch distributed distinctly in only one case, in different sex of fourty adult dogs was used to study in the Department of Anatomy. In this case, the common carotid arteries, left and right, have arisen from the aortic arch as the first branch, and have formed a common trunk. The left and right subclavian arteries arise from the aortic ardh, in a common trunk.

A CASE OF VENTRICULAR FLUTTER AND FIBRILLATION IN A CALF SUFFERING FROM DIARRHEA

Abdullah BAŞOĞLU, Kürşat TURGUT — 1989-01-01

Ventricular flutter and fibrilation was diagnosed by means of EGG in a calf suffering from diarrhea for three days. The calf 'was dehydrated, emaciated and in moribund status. Evaluation of blood sample revealed hyperkalemia (1<2.5 mEq/L) and hyperchloremia (159 mEq/L). Serum Na⁺ (.156 mEq/L) and Ca⁺⁺ (10.34 mg/dl) levels were within normal range. She died at thirty minutes after arrival. At necropsy, there was no any organic disorder in the heart.