Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences - 1992; 8(2)

Conversion of Carotenes into Vitamin A and Vitamin A metabolism I. The Mechanism of Conversion of Beta-Carotene into Vitamin A: A Review

Ali Muhtar Tiftik — 1992-03-01

After vitamin A well recognized and relationships between carotenes and vitamin A were established, two theories have been put regarding the mechanism of conversion of 3-carotene invo vitamin A. The purpose of this review is to reflect some short knowlodge arising from the results of these studies.

Light and electron microscopic studies on the cellular and humoral defensive systems of the mammary glands of normal and mastitic cows

İlhami Çelik, Reşat N. Aştı — 1992-03-01

This study was carried out to determine the location and distribution of the defensive cells in normal lactating bovine mammary gland, whether there was any difference among five selected areas of the bovine udder. Another aim of this study was determination of antigenic stimulation on the defensive cell population. As a material, tissue and milk samples taken from 10 noninfected lactating quarters and 10 subclinical mastitic ones were used. Quantitative cytologic analyses demonstrated a marked and progressive increase in the concentration of the defensive cells from milk-secreting parenchymal tissues to the distal rosette region, near to the squamocolumnar junction in the normal lactating bovine mammary gland. The highest plasma cell concentrations were also found in the rosette area. Antigenic stimulation caused a sharp increase in all defensive cell concentrations. The most striking increase occured in the epithelium and subepithelial connective tissues of Furstenberg's rosette. The increase in the plasma cell population was more striking compared with the other cell types. Since the infectious agents generally reach at the parenchymal tissues through the streak canal, Furstenberg's rosette area which is highly populated with the defensive cells may play an important role in preventing the mammary tissues from invading mammary pathogens.

Macroscopic and microscopic investigations on the myocardial bridges in domestic animals

Necdet Dursun, Reşat N. Aştı, Sadettin Tıpırdamaz, Hasan Erden, İlhami Çelik — 1992-03-01

In this study, myocardial bridges in the hearts of various domestic animals were described and classified by means of macroscopical and microscopical observations. In the classification of the bridges, special attention was given to the location, width and thickness of the bridge. In microscopical observations in the bridges were classified by regarding the number of the comminant veins of the overbridged artery. As a material, 15 Akkaraman sheep, Angora goats and cattle, 8 dogs and Water buffalo hearts were used. In all hearts of the various domestic animals species investigated in this study, the myocardial bridges were observed macroscopically on the ramus interventricularis paraconalis and subsinuosus, on the first grade ramus of a ramus interventricularis and on the second grade ramus of a ramus interventricularis. In microscopical observations, the myocardial bridges were classified into three groups. These were the bridges with no commi tant vein, the bridges with one commitant vein and the bridges with two commitant veins.

Investigations on Alloxan-lnduced Diabetes in the Dogs

Ali Muhtar Tiftik, Kürşat Turgut, Mehmet Gürbilek, Mutlu Sevinç — 1992-03-01

In this investigation, nine healthy dogs weighing from 9 to 20 kg were used. The dogs were made diabetic by a single intravenous injection of 0.60-0.70 mmol/kgbw of alloxan, intravenous glucose tolerance tests (IVGTT) were done at the beginning of the study and in the second weeks of alloxan injections. At the beginning of the study, the mean values of fasted plasma glucose and insulin were found to be 4.56 ± 0.32 mmol/1 and 9.73 ±2.69 m U/ml respectively. After the alloxan injections, clear hyperglycemia and decreasing insulin levels were determined and plasma insulin levels waried between 0-5.33 m U/ml during the study. In the urinalyses, glucosuria, ketonuria, proteinuria and decreased urinary pH levels were observed in the alloxan diabetic dogs. After diabetes occured, experimental diets (low high fibre diets) periode was started. Jncreasig plasma glucose levels were determined During the low fibre diet periode whereas decreasing glucose levels determined in the high diet periode. It is concluded that, it is necessary to apply the IVGTT for the certain diagnosis of diabetes and it is appropriate the recommend of rye bread for the regulation of hyperglycemia.

Effects of Alloxan on Some Blood Parameters in Dogs

Ali Muhtar Tiftik, Kürşat Turgut, Firuze Özeren — 1992-03-01

The effect of alloxan on some blood parameters of six alloxan diabetic dogs was investigated. Alloxan was given to the each dog at the rate of 0.60 mmol/kg and plasma glucose, aspartat amino transferase (AST), total protein (TP), Na and K values were determined in the collected blood samples in'the different days before and after alloxan injection. At the beğining of the study these values were found to be 4.18±0.22 mmol/l, 13.89 ±3.19 U/l, 43.7± 3.09 g/l, 153,40±4.74 mEq/land4.64±0.6mEq/lrespectively whereas they found as 15.31 ± 1.22 mmol/l, 20.20 ±2.21 U/l, 51.3 ± 3.01 g/l, 151.46 ± 11.2 mEq/l and 4.08 ± 0.43 mEq/l at the end of the study respectively. Only the differences of glucose values were statistically significant (P < 0.01) in the analysed parameters.

Experimentelle Untersuchungen über die Wirksamkeit der einfachen Knopfnaht-Methode im Vergleich mit der Zweireihigen Naht-Methode an Dünndarm nach Enterotomie bei Hunden

Nuri Yavru, Hüdaverdi Erer, Ertuğrul Elma, Mustafa Arıcan — 1992-03-01

Das Zielder vorliegenden Arbeit war es, die Wirkung der einfachen Knopfnaht und der zweireihigen Nâhte über das Darmlumen und die Heilung miteinander zu vergleichen. Die Untersuchung wurde an Hunden durchgeführt. Das Untersuchungsmaterial bestand aus 20 Hunden, die verschiedene Alter, Rasse und Geschlecht hatten. Auf dem gleichen Abschnitt des Dünndarmes der Hunde wurden zwei verschiedene Lânginzisione gemacht. Eine dieser Enterotomiewunden wurde mit dem einfachen Knopfheft, dann eine andere mit zweireihigen einstülpenden Nâhten (Schmieden-Lembert) verschlossen. Diese Teile des Dünndarmes wurden nach einer Woche rezesiert und makroskopisch sowie histopathologisch miteinander verglichen. Nach den makroskopischen Untersuchungen wurde festgestellt, daβ bei der Knopfnaht das Einengen des Darmlumens gering ist und an der Schnittstelle sehrgeringe Verwachsungen su sehen sind. Nach den histopathologischen Untersuchungen wurde bei der Heilungsdauer kein deutlicher Unterschied be-obachtet. Bei der vorliegenden Untersuchung hat es sich als vorteilhaft erwiesen, daB die Knopfnaht erhebliche Zeit-und Materialeinsparung ermöglicht, jedoch ein geringes Einengen des Darmlumens. verursacht. Es wurde in Erwagung gezogen, daβ die bei solchen Nahtmethoden entstehende Verwachsungen jedoch die Darmtâtigkeit nicht verhindern.

Macroscopic investigations on the afferent and efferent lymph vessels of the cervical superficial node and popliteal lymph node in Akkaraman sheep

Sadettin Tıpırdamaz, Necdet Dursun, Hasan Erden, Memduh Gezici, İ. Hakkı Nur — 1992-03-01

In this study, numbers and the courses of the afferent and efferent lymph vessels of th&' cervical superficial node and popliteal lymph node were investigated in Akkaraman sheep. As a material, eight Akkaraman sheep were Used. Four or six afferent lymph vessels enter to the cervical superficial lymph node. The efferent lymph vessel's leaving from this node, are three in number and these vessels joined together with each other, forming a single lymph vessel. Efferents on the left side terminate in the external jugular vein. On the right side, the efferents terminate in the right r lyrhph duct. It was seen that 4 or 6 afferent lymph vessels entered to the popliteal node and one efferent leaved from this node. Efferent on the right and left side goes to the medial iliac lymph node.

Some Haematological Values in the Healthy Hamdani (Hareki-Harki) Sheep

Mursayettin Eksen, Z. Tevfik Ağaoğlu, Ercan Keskin — 1992-03-01

In this study, 40 adult Hamdani (Hareki-Harki) sheep aged, 2-4 years old, male and female, were used. The animals divided into two equal groups as male and female, were used. The required blood for haematological analysis were taken from vena jugularis and analysis were made by Blood Cell Counter. In this in vestigation, the mean of Red Blood Cell (RBC) White Blood Cell (WBC) and blood platelets in female sheep were found to be 13.77x10⁶ , 5.55x10³ and 3.72x10⁵ respectively. Same values in male sheep were found to be 9.73x106, 4.80x10³ and 3.62x10⁵ respectively. Mean values of haemoglobin concentration (Hb) and haematocrit (PVC) in female sheep were determined to be 13.53 g/dl and 41.41 % respectively. But same values in male sheep determined to be 12.12 g/dl and 38.14% respectively. On the other hand, the lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes and eosin ophils were determined as 53.6 %, 39.0 %, 4.6 % and 2.8 % in the female sheep, whereas these values found to be 49.2%, 44.0%, 4.4% and 2.4% in male sheep respectively. In this study, the values of the erythrocytes sedimentation rate of 1 hour, two hours and twenty four hours in the female sheep were found to be 0.95,1.29 and 11.09 mm, respectively. Same values in male sheep were found to be 0.99, 1.26 and 11.23 mm, respectively.

Light microscopic studies on the alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase activity of the fetal bovine peripheral blood lymphocytes

İlhami Çelik, Reşat N. Aştı, Mustafa Ü. Boyraz — 1992-03-01

In this study, first appearance time of the alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase positive lymphocytes in the fetal peripheral blood were determined by demonstrating of the alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase. Positively stained lymphocytes were first seen in the peripheral blood smears of the fetuses in 60 days old. Large majority of the alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase pozitive lymphocytes showed localised granularpositivity, whereas, in the smaller numbers of positive cells, a diffuse granular staining pattern was observed. Neutrophyls were negative. Monocytes displayed a diffuse granular staining pattern. The frequency of the alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase positive lymphocytes increased with the fetal age and the highest levels were determined in the 240 th day of the gestation.

Some Haematological Values In The Healthy Van Cats

Mursayettin Eksen, Z. Tevfik Ağaoğlu, Ercan Keskin — 1992-03-01

In this study, 41 adult Van Cats, in different ages and sex were used. The required blood for haematological analysis were taken from Vena sephana and analysis were made by Blood Cell Counter. In the investigation, mean values of Red Blood Cell (RBC), White Blood Cell (WBC) and blood platelets in cats were found to be 7.8x10⁶ , 5.6x10³ and 1.16x105 respectively. Mean values haemoglobin concentration (Hb) and haematocrit (PCV) in cats were determined to be 12.5 g/dl and 43.94 % respectively. Mean Corpusculer Volume (MCV), Mean Corpusculer Haemoglobin (MCH) and Mean Corpusculer Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) were found to be 61.37 µ³ , 16.85 pg and 29.04 % respectively.

The effects of levamisole and ivermectin in the teratment of Dirofilaria immitis in the dogs

Bilal Dik, Abdullah Başoğlu, Muttalip Kaya — 1992-03-01

This study was conducted to evaluated the effectiveness of levamisole and ivermectin in the treatment of Dirofilaria immitis. For this purpose, 14 dogs suffering from Dirofilaria immitis were used as a material. At the clinical examination of dogs, all were found to be listless. They were divided into two groups. Levamisole (2.5 mg/kg, orally) was given to the first group for 14 days. And it was repeated after 15 days at the dose of 5 mg/kg. At the sixth week of experiment, ivermectin (0.2 mg/kg, orally) was given to treatment group for 5 days. Second group was kept as a control. At the end of Levamisole treatment, microfilariae were found in the blood of seven dogs of treatment group. Wherease microfilariae were absent in three dogs. However, at the end of ivermectin treatment, blood examination showed that there was no microfilariae in blood of all dogs of treatment group. The result of this study showed that, Ivermectin was more effective than Levamisole on the microfilariae of Dirofilaria immitis

Effect of treatment on haematological values in the dogs infected with Dirofilaria immitis

Mursayettin Eksen, Zafer Durgun, Bilal Dik, Ercan Keskin — 1992-03-01

In this study, 13 German Wo If dogs, aged 6-11 years old, were used. Two of the dogs were not infected with D. immitis (Group I). Four of the infected dogs and seven of the infected dogs were assigned as positive control group (Group II) and treatment group (Group III), respectively. At the beginning of the experiment, Levamisole (2.5 mg/ kg, orally) was given to seven dogs (Treatment Group=Group III) for 14 days. The treatment was repeated at the 30 th day of the experiment (5 mg/kg, orally). At the 35 th day of experiment, Ivermectin (0.2 mg/kg, orally) was given to treatment group for 5 days. Blood samples were taken at the beginning, 40 th and 70 th days of the experiment. At the beginning of the study, the mean values of RBC, WBC, haematocrit and hemoglobin in the infected dogs were found to be 6.57x10⁶ , 5.57x10³ , 48.33 % and 15.46 g/dl, respectively. But these parameters in the healthy dogs were found to be 6.43x10⁶ , 5.23x10³ , 40.67% and 13.26 g/dl, respectively. The lymphocytes, monocytes, mature neutrophils and eosinophils were determined to be 11.33%, 3.00%, 73,67% and 12.00% in the infected dogs, where as these values were found to be 11.50%, 2.50%, 78.00% and 8.00% in the healthy dogs, respectively. After the treatment, the mean values of RBC, WBC, haematocrit and hemoglobin in the second group were found tobe5.28x10⁶ , 5.08x10³ , 42.00%and 16.24g/dl, respectively. But these parameters in the third group were found to be 5.24x10⁶ , 6.34x10³ , 45.57% and 16.11 g/dl, despectively. On the other hand, the lymphocytes, monocytes, mature neutrophils and eosinophils were determined as 16.50%, 2.50%, 73.75% and 7.25% in the second group, where as these values found to be 14.28%, 2.21%, 75.00% and 8.51% in the third group, respectively. One month after treatment, the red blood cell counts in the third group were found to be higher than other groups. Increasing in the other blood parameters were not significant.

Anatomical investigations on the ossified tendons of the shank muscles in Bronze turkey

Hasan Erden — 1992-03-01

In this study, the localizations of the ossified I tendons of the shank muscles were macroanatomically investigated in Bronze turkey. For this purpose, ten adult turkey were used. In this study, four on the origo tendons and fourteen on the insertio tendons, totally eighteen ossified regions were determined in each shank. In addition, it has been also found that all tendons of the muscles located in tarsometatarsal region were to be ossified.

Determination of N-acetyl β-D glucosaminidase enzyme activity in bovine milk for the early diagnosis of subclinical mastitis

1992-03-01

In this present study, N-acetyl-B-D-glucosaminidase (NAG ase) activity and microbiological investigations were carried out in milk samples for the early diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in dairy cows. Forty Holstein cow, in 4-5 years old were used as materials. NAG ase activity, PMN and microbiologic values, in milk samples in which CMT test performed, were compared. NAG ase activity was found 33.08±4.62 U/L and 90.70±11.98 in healty and mastitic milk sampes respectively and differences were found statistically significant (P<0.05). The PMN values were determined average 282655±57035 in healty milk and 1236396±216308 in mastitic milk samples. Staphylococcus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Corynebacterium ssp agents were identified in milk samples. As a result, it was useful to determine NAG ase activity, PMN and CMT test in milk samples for the early diagnosis of subclinical mastitis.

Gizzard erosion in chickens

Metin Münir Kıran, Şenay Berkin, İbrahim Çetin — 1992-03-01

In this study, gizzard erosion was investigated in twelve 4-5 weeks old chickens. The mortality rate was determined as 7 per cent. Grossly, erosions with varying sizes and numbers were found in the affected gizzards. Histologically, the normal, homogenous appearance of koilin lining was altered into vacuoles. Koilin layer was thickened in some areas and eroded in others. In these areas, desquamation of epithelial cells, infiltrations of inflammatory cells and erythrocytes into the koilin layer were seen. In the underlying, degeneration, desquamation and sometimes necrosis of the gland epithelium could be observed. Inflammatory reactions, such as heterophils and light mononuclear cell infiltrations, were detected in the lamina propria of gizzard.

Aortic body tumor in a Kangal dog

KANGAL IRKI BİR KÖPEKTE AORTIC BODY TÜMÖRÜ — 1992-03-01

An aortic body tumor located at the heart base was diagnosed in a 11 years old, male Kangal dog. Macroscopically, the tumor was a mass measuring 6x4 x 3.5 cm. Microscopically, the tumor mass consisted of a dimorphic population of cells that were separated into lobules by trabeculae of fine fibrovascular stroma. Generally, the tumor cells were polyhedral, had lightly eosinophilic and often vacuolated cytoplasm. Nuclei were round to oval and the chromatin was finely granular. Some cells with a small, dense, spindle-shaped nucleus and scanty cytoplasm were also seen. In addition, few mononuclear tumor giant cells with large, oval or sausage-shaded nuclei were observed. A few foci of coagulation necrosis were seen in the tumor.

The Serological Survey On Bovine Adenovirus Type 2 Infection in Bovine in Konya

Feridun Öztürk, Sibel Yavru, Rüstem Duman, Atilla Şimşek — 1992-03-01

This study was carried out to determine serologically the bovine adenovirus (BA V) type 2 infections on 950 cattle blood sera in Konya. The cattle blood sera collected from 950 cattle in Meat and Fish Association's Slaughterhouse in Konya, were subjected to microneutralization test, initially by diluting 1/10, then by diluting them two times and by comparing BAV type 2 viruses with the ratio of 100 DKID₅₀ 1.05 ml. MDBK (Madine Darby Bovine Kidney) cell culture were used in virus production, in titration and in microneutralization test. As a cell medium, Eagle's MEM with % 10 inactivated calf sera and as virus medium Eagle's MEM medium without sera were used. Based on the results the neutralization antibodies were found in 247 sera of the 950 sera against BAV type 2. This study pointed out that the adenovirus infections were prevalent in cattle in Konya.

The Comparative Study On Acut Renal Toxicity Of ionic And Non-ionic Contrast Media In Cell Culture

Sibel Yavru, Nuri Yavru — 1992-03-01

In this study was carried out to show the damage of high osmolality ionic and low osmolality non-ionic contrast media in indirect radiography of kidneys, invitro. In this study MDBK was used as permanent cell culture. Omnipaque (lohexol) which is low osmolality non-ionic and Urografin 76 % (Diatrizoate) which is high osmolality ionic contrast media were used in different dilution con-cdntrations. As a result ionic contrast media even in low concentration produced CPE in kidney cell culture, but alternatively the same effect .was determined in non-ionic media after 24 hours without any dilution. CPE was not determined in cell cultures dilution of these media.

An interesting case of polymelia (throracomelia and pelvomelia): Lamb with seven legs

Hüseyin Karadağ, Yusuf Gül, H. Hüseyin Dönmez — 1992-03-01

In this article, a case of polymelia was examined wich observed in a Akkaraman lamb. The lamb had three extra congenital developed legs. One of the extra legs was joined to the presternal region and two of them to the pubic region. On the other hand, it was established that there was a third ren stucked on the cecum. In histobgical observation, it was seen that this ren consisted of two united rens.