Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences - 1996; 12(1)

Effects of Sclcction for Body Weight of Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) on Body Weight, Weight Gain, Feed Consumption and Feed Conversion

Şeref İnal, Mehmet Ali Tekeş, Fatma inal, Süleyman Dere — 1996-01-01

In this study, Japanese quails were divergently selected during generations 1 to 5 for high and low 5-week body weight. Quail weights at hatch across generations were between 7.37 and 8.21 g. Following 5 generations tor selection. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 week body weights were 15.57-29.34 g. 33.04-70.04 9, 57.37-114.40 9. 86.86-154.46 g and 112.06-183.23 g, respectively. 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 week body weight means 7.75, 24.24, 55.37, 91.32, 125.12 and 156.51 9 in randombred line, 7.43, 22.89, 51.25, 83.45, 14.06 and 145.18 g in low line, 8.34, 25.68, 57.89, 97.66, 133.26 and 171.40 g in high line. In generation 5, during 5-week daily gains tor randombred, low and high line were 4.78. 4.14 and 5.54 g, daily feed comsumption were 16.02, 14.49 and 18.98 g. feed/gain were 3.35, 3.50 and 3.43 kg, respectively.

Effect of Ruminal Infusion of Glucose on Ruminal pH, Volatile Fatty Acids and Protozoa in the Sheep

Tufan Keçeci, Mehmet Kocabatmaz, Abdullah Eryavuz — 1996-01-01

The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of glucose that infused into rumen on ruminal pH. volatile fatty acids (VFA) and protozoa in two sheep that had been fitted with ruminal fistula. The study was conducted two period and each period contunied during 12 days. Feed was given to the animals once a day. Alter each feeding, sheep were rumınally infused with 500 ml (4. 2 ml/min) either deionized water (Period 1) or 40% glucose solution (Period ll). Samples of rumen contents were collected from each sheep before feeding, and 2h. 4h and 6h after tnfusion through the ruminal fistula. In the period t, ruminal pH and protozoa counts of sheep were found to be highest levels before feeding, compared with the levels of same parameters after feeding hours. Whereas, total VFA levels of sheep were determined to be lower amounts before feeding. Compared with the levels of same parameters in the Period I, the ruminal pH values, acetic acid levels, protozoa counts and proportions of Entodinium minimum were found to be lower amounts, but propionic acid level and proportions of lsotricha ipecies were higher in the sheep alter glucose infusion in the Period ll.

Arterial and Venous Blood Gases and Some Plasma Electrolyte Levels in Chickens

Zafer Durgun, Ercan Keskin, Mehmet Kocabatmaz — 1996-01-01

In the experiment, twenty. 10-12 weeks old chickens were used to determine arterial (n=10) and venous (n=10) blood gases and some electrolyte levels. Arterial pH. HCO³ , pO₂ saturation and O₂ content levels were higher than in venous blood, whereas pCO₂ and total CO₂ were found to be higher in venous blood. Although there were no differences between groups, plasma Na⁺ , K⁺ and Ca⁺⁺ levels were determined slightly higher in venous blood than in arterial blood.

The Effect of Different Fixation Media on the Fine Structure of Parathyroid Glands in Cattle, Sheep and Goat

Mehmet Kanter — 1996-01-01

Tissue samples of parathyroid glands obtained from cattle, sheep and goat were immersed in either 2.5% glutaraldehyde (GA), or in 1% glutaraldehyde and 2% formaldehyde (FA) followed by immersion in 1% osmium tet-roxide (OsÖ4). The effect of different buffers used for aldehydes and osmium tetroxide respectively, were tested in order to determine the optimal conditions for preservation of parathyroid cell morphology. Uniform (the subcellular components of these cells showed no damage due to fixation), light (light cytoplasmic matrix and the subcellular components were damaged to a variable extent due to fixation) and dark (dark cytoplasmic matrix and shrunken cell) cells were found in the parathyroid tissues of all animals. Parathyroid tissue fixed with aldehydes in the presence of NaK-phosphate, Na-cacodylate or Hepes [4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-1-Piperazinethan-Sulfonic acid] (with or without Ca2+ and Mg2+), and with osmium tetroxide in Na/K-phosphate or Na-cacodylate contained predominantly uniform. few light and dark cells. However, number of light cells Increased in parathyroid tissue fixed with osmium tetroxide in Hepes. In addition to the increased light cells, number of multinuclear cells (the cells contained fragments of the plasma membrane and markedly dilated cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum) also increased in parathyroid tissues of sheep. The structure is better preserved and particularly the membranes are better visible in preparations fixed with a mixture of glutaraldehyde and formaldehyde than in those immersed only in glutaraldehyde. lt is concluded that the appearance of four different cell types depended to a great extent on the buffers and / or fixatives used in the experiment. lt is also concludet that buffers played more important roles then fixatives in the occurrence of these cell types.

The Determination of Serum Calcium, Sodium, Potassium, Magnesium and Copper Levels in Sheep Experimentally Poisoned with Amygdalin

1996-01-01

The present experiment was carried out to investigate the changes occuring calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium and copper levels ln the blood of the sheep experimantally poisoned with amygdalin. In the study twenty ewes. aged approximately two years old were used. The animal an which the experiment was made was fasted trom 5 p.m. a day ago to the complement of experiment the next day. Thus. cyanide contamination due to feed and water were prevented Amygdalin was given through the rumen probe in doses of 0.25. 0.5. 1.0, 1.5 mg/kg. Samples of the blood were collected at 1 ,2,4,8,24.48,72. hours alter amygdaline was given. Samples of the blood were analysed in terms of the levels calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium and copper. In conclusion, the levels of sodium, potassium and calcium were observed to increase experimentally in the cyanide poisoning. On the other hand, the levels of magnesium and copper were determined to decrease experimentally in the cyanide poisoning.

Levels of Nitrate and Nitrite Experimentally Produced Ton Type of Mirror Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) Fish Can

Kadir Servi, Ali Arslan, Ahmet Ateşşahin, Aysel Kaya, Cemal Çelik — 1996-01-01

This study was performed to determine variations in nitrate and nitrita levels during storage period in ton type of Mirror carp fish can. Can were produced experimentally and used four different sauce formula. Sample levels of nitrite and nitrate which stored in refrigerator (+4°C) were 0. 15 ±0. 14- 1. 04 ±0. 16 ppm, 13. 4 ±0. 21 -19. 36 ± 0. 87 ppm in sauce; also some values were 0. 18 0. 11 - 1. 06 ±0. 14, 10. 96 ±0. 57 -15. 38 ±0. 41 ppm in can meat, respectively. lt was observed that there were signiicant differences in nitrate levels between every group of can sample for both sauce and can meat. also between four groups of can for both sauce and can meat at 6th. 12th and 24th months of storage (p< 0. 05). The result of statistical analysis of nitrite level significant difference between every group of can sample for both sauce and can meat were observed. Also, there were significant differences, at 12th month for sauce and at 6th, 12th month for can meat between can groups (p< 0. 05). In conclusion, it was observed that ton type of Mirror carp cans prepared by using different sauces formula and stored in refrigerator condition meets the quality standaits required for consumer health for each sauce formula.

The Effect of Vitamin A and E in Which were Supplemented Different Levels to the Feeds in Chickens

Firuze Kurtoğlu, Mehmet Nizamlıoğlu — 1996-01-01

The alm of this present study was to investigate the effect of vitamin A and E on the antibody titers and blood T lymphocyte percentage in the chicken vaccinated with Gumboro. 750 egg male chickens were used as materials and divided into 1 2 groups; antibody titers and % T lymphocyte values were determined in which blood samples taken according to properly from theese groups. lg G levels measured in 1. (control), 2. and 4. group of vaccinated animals, the results were found according to logarithmic base 5.00 ± 0.56, 1 1.50 ± 1.46, 15.42 ± 0.60 respectively. These results found to be statistically important (P<0 01) The relationship between vitamin A and antibody titers have preseni but titers were suppressed by excess (80.000 lU /kg feed) vitamin A resulted in this study. The thinking about that reduced percentage of T lymphocytes have due to combination A and E vitamins in animal feeds in 5. and 6. groups.

Pathological Studies on Abomasal Erosions and Ulcers of the Cattle

Gürsel Sönmezi — 1996-01-01

In this study, 965 cattle (450 cows and 515 beef cattle) out of slaughtered cattle in the period of August 1993 to April t 994 at the "Meat and Fishery Organization Bursa Meat Combine" were examined to determine the abomasal ulcerative lesions (erosion, ulcer and sicatrix tissue). A total of 145 cases (15 %), which were 60 cases (13.3 %) in cows and 85 cases (16.5 %) in beef cattle, were found with abomasal lesions. Out of 145 cases, erosions in 107 cases (11.1 %). active ulcers in 21 cases (2.2 %) and sicatrix tissı.:a in 17 cases (1.7 %) were detected. Erosions and all of the ulcers had no bleeding and perforation were classified as type I abomasal ulcers. Lesions were mostly located along the edge of abomasal plicae, on the fundic area near the pylorus and distal pylorus. Erosions were small and numerous. generally linear or ovoid-circular shaped, and reddish brown in color. Microscopically; degeneration. desquamation and coagulation necrosis in the epithelial layer, additionally in some cases oedema and neuthrophil leucocyte infiltration in the propria and submucosa were seen. Ulcers were linear or crater-Iike in shape. The size of the uicers ranged from 1 to 4 cm. in diameter, and the numbers varied from 1 to 3. Histologically; acute. subacute and chronic imflammatory changes together with necrosis extended to submucosa were detected. The numbers ol greyish- white healed ulcers varied from 1 to 3 and such lesions had a diameter of 0.5 to 2 cm. In the healed ulcers, the formation of sicatrix tissue was detected microscopically.

Chemical and Organoleptical Properties of Civil Cheese

O. Cenap Tekinşen, Mustafa Atasever, Abdullah Keleş — 1996-01-01

In this study, 26 civil cheese samples obtained from Erzurum province and around were chemically and organoleptically analysed. It was determined that the mean value of moisture content was 59.42 %. Mean values for fat, protein, salt and ash contents were found 2.24 %, 31.97 %, 4.468 % and 5.253 % respectively. Acidity values of samples were determined 0.745 % in lactic acid degree. pH and a_w values of the samples were found 4.45 and 0.927. In organoleptical examination, the mean of total scores of cheese samples were found 74.269. It was determined that Civil Cheese was a soft and low fat cheese variety.

The Effect of the Vitamin A,E and C Supplementation to the Diet on Some Biochemical Parameters on Laying Hens

1996-01-01

In this study the effects of vitamin A, E and C supplemented diet of laying hens on serum total protein, albumin, glucose, Ca and P values were investigated. As material a total of 2160 that are 1728 Hisex Brown, 216 Hyline-W77, 216 Babcock-B300 egg type chickens in 26 weeks of age were used and these animals divided in ten groups each has 216 chicken. Blood samples were taken from these animals once a moth in which 1,2, 4 and 7. month. Total protein, albumin, glucose, Ca and P values of sera obtained from each group were analyzed by using spectrophotometer. As a result, because of differentiation is not specific statistically between vitamin negative and positive groups, vitamin levels in the diet based corn and soybean meals were thought to be enough for animals without factories that effects vitamin necessity of the animals such as diseases and heat stress. At these situations, it may said that the vitamin supplementation in high ratio to the diet is not necessary according to analyzed parameters.

The Effect of Fat Suplementation of By-products of Fat Industry into Diets of Layers on the Fatty Acid Composition of Yolk and Egg Yield

Behiç Coşkun, Tahir Balevi, Abdurrahman Aktümsek — 1996-01-01

In this study effect of supplementation of oil industry by-products of as energy source on daily feed intake. egg weight. egg yield, fat percentage and fatty acid composition of egg yolk in laying hens. 96 Hisex Brown layers with 36 weeks old were used in this study. Hens were divided into four prougs. Groups were fed diets consisting in rates of % 2.5 sunflower crude oil (HY), surtlower soapstock (SS), acidulated sunflower soapstock (AY) and volatile matters (UM) during 56 days. Egg production percentage of groups were found as 75.22. 78.81,83.38 and 73.75 %. Amount of feed consumed four 1 kg egg was founds lowest (2.04 kg) in group fed diet consisting acidulated sunflower soapstock (AY) and highest (2.27 kg ) in group fed diet consisting SS. There were no effeet on the egg yield, feed intake and spesific gravity of the addition of oil industry by-products. Total saturated faty acid percentaces of egg yolks of groups were found as 23.11 %. 26.29 %, 25.92 %, and 27.88 % respectively and total unsaturated fatty acid percentage of egg yolks of groups were found as 76.89 %, 73.71 %. 67.56 % and 71.08 % respectively. The highest value of omega-3/omega-6 fatty acids rate in egg yolk oil obtained from soapstock groups. As a result it was concluded that suplementation of diets with by-products ot tat industry instead of crude oll has no negative effects on performance. Egg production cost in AY group was determined lower than the other groups in addition to high level of omega 3 faty acids which play important role in preventing heart vessel diseases.

The Study on the Determination of Levels Cadmium and Lead in Tissue of Animals Slaughtered in Elazığ Region

Kadir Servi, Haki Kara — 1996-01-01

The aim of this study was to determine levels of cadmium and lead in meat, liver and kidney of animals slaughtered in Elazığ region. Cadmium and lead levels were determined in 234 meat and tissue samples obtained from 78 slaughtered animals. A graphite furnace AAS method was used for determination of cadmium and lead in tissue samples. It was determined that cadmium levels in meat, liver and kidney of cattle ranged from 0. 00 to 0. 38, 0. 02-0.64, 0.14-2. 92 µg/g, those of lead 0.00-1.60, 0.00-1.30, 0.00-1. 40 µg/g, respectively. It was determined that cadmium levels in meat, liver and kidney of sheeps ranged from 0.00 to 0.50, 0.00-0.36, 0.00-1.74 µg/g, those of lead 0.00-1.60, 0.00-1.30 and 0.00-1.30 µg/g, respectively. It was concluded that the levels of cadmium and lead in the samples would not be able to give risc any side effects in human.

In Vitro Effect of Vitamin C on Titer of Respiratoric Viruses (Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis= IBR, Parainfluenza 3= PI-3 and Bovine adenovirus type 2=BAV-2)

Atilla Şimşek, Feridun Öztürk, Sibel Yavru, Rüstem Duman, Nuri Başpınar — 1996-01-01

It was investigated in vitro effect of ascorbic acid on titer of IBR (Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis), Pl-3 (Parainfluenza-3) and BAV-2 (Bovine adenovirus type 2) which cause of respiratoric disease incattle. Nontoxic vitamin C (ascorbic acid) concentrations for MDBK were not cause a decrease in titer of viruses.

The Effects of NaUC03 and Straw Added Diets on Feedlot Performance in Sheep

İ. Halil Çerçi, Talat Güler, Kazım Şahin, Metin Bayraktar, Orhan Özbey — 1996-01-01

In this study. the effects of diets containg 10% straw (as source of crude fiber) + 90% concentrate (with straw group) and 2. 5 % NaHC0₃ (as source ot buffer) + 97. 5% concentrate (with NaHC0₃ group) on leedlot performance by 24 lambs (average initial weight 36- 37 kg 9 months of age) were evaluated. At the end of study, feed intake was lower in the with NaHC0₃ group. Average daily gain and feed conversion ratio were higher in the with NaHC0₃ group than straw group . The increasing of daily gain and decreasing of feed intake were significant statistically. Although, carcass weights were higher in with NaHC0₃ group than with straw group but this differences were not significantly statistically . There were no differences beetwen groups in another slaughter and carcass characteristics.

The Effect of Pistachio Culls added into Diets on Ruminal Fermentation and Digestibility of Nutrients in Sheep

Kazım Şahin, İ. Halil Çerçi, Talat Güler — 1996-01-01

In this study, the acceptability of whole pistachio culls, instead of hay, were investigated. For this reason, 6 lambs were used and offered diets containing concentrate and roughage in a 80:20 ratio. Pistachio culls were added into roughage and roughage were 1 00 % hay (Control), 70 % hay + 30% pistachio culls (Treatment 1) and 50 % hay+ 50 % pistachio culls (Treatment 2). The effects of diets on ruminal fermentation and digestibility of nutrients were evaluated. Ruminal parameters (pH, volatile fatty acids, NH3 concentrations) did not differ (p>0.05) among groups in ruminal fluid taken at 1 h and 4 h postfeeding. Digestibilities of nutrients were not significant beetwen groups (p>0.05).

The Effects of Potassium Sorbate on the Chemical and Microbiological Quality in White Pickled Cheese

Yusuf Doğruer, Ümit Gürbüz, Mustafa Nizamlıoğlu — 1996-01-01

The effects of potassium sorbale using in the experimentally white pickled cheese (WPC) production which has been suplemented at the rates of 0. 0.15 % and 0.3 % to milk and pickled, on the chemical and mic-robiologıcal properties of WPC were investigated at 1 st, 15th. 30th and 60th days of the ripering period. Potassium sorbale did not show any effects on the chemical properties; the moisture, fat, salt and ash contents. However, it dec-resed the percent of aciditiy values and increased the pH values and delayed the ripering of the cheese. On the account of microbiologically effects of potassium sorbate, it effected on the account of coliform, fecal streptococcus and mould and yeast whereas it was ineffect on the account of general microbiological, Lactobacillus and Staphylococcus- Micrococcus.

The Surfactant System of The Lung in Humans and Animals

Mustafa Ortatatlı, M. Kemal Çiftçi — 1996-01-01

In this article, the importance of surfactant system in animals and human beings was reviewed. The surfactant is synthesized by pneumonocyte type-11 in the lung and consists rainly of lipids (90 %). This complex substance have an important role in reduction of surface tension, anti-edematous effect and facilitates air exchanges in alveoli. The composition of surfactant varies parallel with foetal development and it prepares the lung for postnatal respiration. Particularly in newborn child and animals, the surfactant deficiency causes important and fatal respiratory problems. On the other hand, many respiratory diseases can cause some changes in composition and quantity of surfactant in adults.

Pathologisch-Bakteriologische Untersuchungen Über die Mastitis Bei Shlachtkühen

Hüdaverdi Erer, Mehmet Ateş, Metin Münir Kıran, M. Kemal Çiftçi, Osman Kaya — 1996-01-01

Diese Arbeit wurde bei im Schlachthof (Konya) zum Schlachten vorgestellten Kühen durc-geführt. Das Ziel der Arbeit war die Haufigkeit der Mastitis und die pathologisch-anatomische sowie hi-stopathologische Veranderungen an der Euterentzündungen. Von 883 zur Untersuchung vorgestellten Kühen wurde beı 11 8 Kühen ( 13.36 %) mittels CMT und klinische Untersuchungen eine Euterentzündung festgestellt. Von diesen erkranten Kühen wurden 232 Euterviertel zur Untersuchung vorgestellt. Aus den CMT positiven Eutervierteln wurden Miichproben gesammelt. Diese Milchproben wurden im aeroben. anaeroben und mikroaerophilen Bedingungen ge-züchtet und danach bakteriologisch und mykologisch untersucht. Von den CMT positiven 125 Eutervierteln wurden pathogene Mikroorganismen isoliert und in Reihenfolge; Staph aureus (47.3 %), C. pyogenes (16.3 %), E. coli (8.2 %). C. albicans (6.5 %) Str. agalactiae (6 %), Staph. epidermidis (4.3 %), l\l. pneumoniae (3.8 %), B. subtilis (2.2 %). Str. dysgalactiae (2.2 %) Flavobact, spp. (1.6 %), B. cereus (1.1. %) und Pr. mirabilis (0.5 %) identifiziert. Nach den hi-stopathologıschen Untersuchungen wurden folgende Mastitisformen festgestellt : Akute katarrhalisce Mastitis und Ga-laktophorıtis (10), Chronische katarrhalische Mastitis und Galaktophoritis (142), Abszessbildende Masiitis (39), lnter-stıtıelle nichteitrige Mastitis (21 ). Chronische Mastitis (12), Haemorrhagisch-nekrotisierende Mastitis (5), Lobular-ınfiltrierende Eutertuberkulose (3).

The Ca.se of Metastatic Pulmoner Neoplasia In Two Dogs

Mehmet Maden, M. Kemal Çiftçi, Yılmaz Koç, Fatih Hatipoğlu — 1996-01-01

A 12-year old German Shepherd, and 3-year old Tenier showed a metastatic pulmoner neoplasia. German Shepherd and Terrier dogs had a mastectomy, 6 and 13 months prior to death, respectively. Pathological investigation revealed malignant mix neoplasm in German Shepherd, and papillar adenocarcinoma in Terrier. Hematologic and biochemistry profiles were within normal limits except the serum calcium level with a slight increase. Dissemination of neoplasm in mediastinal and inguinal lymph nodes showed the possibility of lenphogenic metastasis in German Shephard. On the other hand no dissemination of neoplastic cells in lymph nodes of Terrier suggested the possibility of metastasis to be via venous circulation.

Arteriel Vascularization of Septum Interventriculare in Kangal Dogs

Necdet Dursun, İsmail Türkmenoğlu — 1996-01-01

In this study, arteriel vascularization of septum interventricular was invastigated macroscopically. For this purpose, it was used ten adult Kangal dogs in different sex and age. Supplying of septum interventriculare was essentially provided by ramus septalis. It was defined that septum interventricular also supplyed by vessels originating from ramus interventricularis paraconalis and ramus interventricularis subsinuosus in peripheral.

Determination of Phagocytic and Candidacidal Activities of Peritoneal Macrophages Isolated from Chickens Fed with Anatoxin and an Anatoxin AdsorbingAgent, Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP) Containing Feed

İlhami Çeli k, Ömer Demet, Hasan Hüseyin Dönmez, Halis Oğuz, Murat Boydak — 1996-01-01

In this study effects of aflatoxlcosis. which was experimentally induced by giving mixed aflatoxins in teed (2. 5 mg/kg) for 21 days. on phagocytic and Candidacidal activities of chicken peritoneal macrophages and preventive action ol polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP) supplementation (3g/kg) were investigated. Feeding experiments were performed on totally 200 male one-day-old chicks of Avian strain. The animals were divided into tour groups each containing 50 chickens and feed with different diets as fallows: First group, with commercial broiler feed. Second group, with mixed aflatoxins containing (2.5 mg/kg) commercial broiler feed Third group, with PVPP (0.3 %) supplemented commercial broiler feed. Fourth group, with both PVPP (0.3 %) and mixed aflatoxins (2.5 mg/kg) containing feed At the end of the feeding experiment, peritoneal macrophages were isolated. The phagocytic and intracellular Candidacidal indices were determined. The data were analysed statistically. The results have revealed that allatoxicosls depressed both phagocytic and Candidacidal potential of peritoneal macrophages. PVPP addition prevented the animals from deppressive effects caused by aflatoxins on peritoneal macrophage functions.

Perforated Abomasal Ulcer ina Calf

Gürsel Sönmez, Deniz Mısırlıoğlu, Özlem Özmen, M. Müfit Kahraman, Mustafa Uluöz — 1996-01-01

In this observation, a case of perforated abomasal ulcer in a male, 27-day old, Swiss Brown calf is described with the clinical, macroscopical and microscopical findings. Clinical examination revealed dullness, anorexia, hypothermia, ruminal atony and tachycardia. At the necropsy, along with a small amount of abomasal content within the peritoneal cavity, perforated 2 out of 6 ulcers with sizes of 3-40 mm. at the pylorus were observed. Microscopic examination showed severe necrotic and acute inflammatory changes at the affected areas of pylorus and a diffuse fibrinous peritonitis.