Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences - 2008; 24(1)

Evaluation of two different estrous synchronization protocol for a timed insemination in Holstein heifers

Hüseyin ERDEM, Aydın GÜZELOĞLU — 2008-01-01

Our hypothesis was to develop a timed-AI protocol with good fertility but reduced cost and labour under commercial conditions. Heifers were divided two group and first group (n=19) received two injections of PGF2a 14 days apart. GnRH was injected 48 h after the second PGF2a injection and heifers were inseminated 14-16 h following GnRH (day 0; PPG group). This synchronization regimen was compared with a widely used progesterone-based protocol. In the implant group (IMP group; n=29), a norgestomet ear implant was used and estradiol valerate plus norgestomet injected (i.m.; day 0). On Day 8, heifers received PGF2a and implant was removed on day 9. Heifers were inseminated 48 h after implant removal. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed by real-time ultrasound between day 31 and 38. Eleven of 19 heifers in the PPG group were pregnant (57.9%) compared to 14 of29 heifers in the IMP group (48.2%; P>0.05 Chi-squared) Thus, the timed-AI protocol utilizing two doses of PGF2a and GnRH resulted in acceptable pregnancy rates compared to the progesterone-based protocol which was more labour intensive.

Efficiency of transabdominal ultrasonography in pregnancy diagnosis during late embryonic and early fetal stages of pregnancy in Konya Merino ewes

Hüseyin ERDEM, M. Kemal SARIBAY, Tevfik TEKELİ — 2008-01-01

Objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of location (right ingiunal region [RIR] or left ingiunal region [LIR]) of transabdominal ultrasonography to determine pregnancy and number of embryo/fetus during late embryonic and early fetal stages of pregnancy in Konya Merino ewes. Eighty-four ewes were diagnosed as pregnant 34 days after mating by transrectal ultasonography. Of these ewes, 45 had single embryo and 39 had twin embryos. On days 34 and 50, these ewes were again examined by RIR and LIR transabdominal ultasonography. The results were compared with transrectal ultrasonography and lambing records. On day 34, 62 % (28/45) and 64% (29/45) of single pregnancies and 33 % (13/39) and 28 % (11/39) of twin pregnancies could be detected through RIR and LIRtransabdominal ultrasonography, respectively. On day 50, 88 % (40/45) and 91 % (41/45) of single and 53 % (21/39) and 46 % (18/39) of twin pregnancies were detected through RIR and LIR transabdominal ultrasonography, respectively. Data were analysed by paired simple t-test and there were no significant differences between the days 34 and 50 and locations of examinations (RIR vs LIR). In conclusion, twin pregnancies could not be diagnosed accurately by transabdominal ultasonography during the first 50 days of pregnancy. However, in case counting the embryo/fetus is not important, pregnancy diagnosis can be performed by this method starting on day 34.

Estrous Induction In Lactating Hair Goats Outside the Breeding Season by Flourogestone Acetat Containing Vaginal Sponges; The Effect of GnRH and hCG Applications on Fertility

2008-01-01

This study was carried out to determine the effect of FGA impregnated intravaginal sponges on the estrous induction and the effect of GnRH anh hCG injections applied 48 h after sponge withdrawal on the reproductive preformance of the hair goats in anestrous season. Sixty lactating hair goats were randomly assigned to three groups and 30 mg FGA impreganted intravaginal sponges were inserted to the vagina for 14 days. Fourty eight hours before sponge withdrawal, goats recieved 500 IU PMSG and 0.075 mg cloprostenol intramuscularly. Twelve hours after sponge withdrawal twice daily, the estrous was detected and the matings were carried out by 9 fertile bucks. Fourty eight hours after sponge withdrawal; the GnRH group (n=18) recieved 5 mcg buserelin acetate, hCG group (n=19) recieved 500 lU human chorionic gonadotropin intramuscularly and no application was carried out in the control group (n=18). The estrous rate was found to be 100 % in all groups. The estrous initiated 17 h after sponge withdrawal and ended nearly 48 hours. The distribution of estrous in goats were detected to be 51% (17-24 hours), 11% (25-36 hours) and 38% (37-48 hours) after sponge withdrawal. The pregnancy rates in GnRH, hCG and control groups were 38.9%, 36.8 % and 33.3% respectively It was concluded that FGA, pMsG and PGF2a combination was an effective method in the induction of estrous in lactating hair goats in anestrous season but GnRH and hCG injection applied 48 hours after sponge withdrawal did not affect fertility parameters.

Determination of Placentome Development and Gestational Age by Ultrasonographic Measurement of Placentomes in Ewes

İbrahim AYDIN, H. Ahmet ÇELİK, Sait ŞENDAĞ, D. Alİ DİNÇ — 2008-01-01

The objective of this study was to determine the placentome development during pregnancy and the correlation between placentome diameter and gestational age using transabdominal and transrectal ultrasonography in ewes. A B-mode, linear array, ultrasonography with 5,0-7,5 MHz rectal transducer was used in this study. Examinations were commenced at days 26 to 28 post mating. In this study, fifty pregnant ewes were used. Ultrasonographic examination was performed weekly until birth. Diameters of five placentomes were measured in weekly examinations and then mean diameter was calculated. Among the fifty pregnant ewes, 44 had single pregnancy while six ewes had twin pregnancy. Placentomes were seen since 4th week of pregnancy. Placentomes developed fast in the first weeks of pregnancy and reached maximum diameter in 11th week (3,41±0,04 cm). Diameterof placentomes increased during the firstweeks of pregnancy but decreased in the second half and decreased to 1,73±0,18 cm before birth. A weak correlation was found between gestational age and diameter of placentome in ewes (regression coefficient, r = 0,540). There was no difference between placentome diameters between single and twin pregnancies (P > 0,05). As a result, placentome development in ewes during pregnancy can easily be determined from 4th week of gestation to birth. Besides, because of weak correlation between placentome diameter and gestational age in ewes, it is concluded that, gestational age cannot be determined from diameterof placentome.

An Investigation of Blue Tongue Virus Infection Using Competative ELISA in Afyonkarahisar province

Sibel Gür — 2008-01-01

Bluetongue Virus (BTV) infection is among the most important abortive agents in sheep. This study was performed for investigate the entity of BTV infection as serologically. For this purpose, total of 568 sheep were sampled in 7 village at 4 different territory in Afyonkarahisar Province. Competitive ELISA which developed to detect all serotypes of BTV in ruminant species was used for serological examination. Test results indicated that, out of 568 samples, 141 (24.8%) were found to be antibody positive for BTV. The proportions were varied among 11.1% and 42% in the village basis.

Investigation of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) Infection Clinically, Serologically and Virologically in a Dairy Management with Repeat Breeding Problem

Mehmet KALE, Mesih KOCAMÜFTÜOĞLU, Ayhan ATA, Sibel HASIRCIOĞLU, Gökhan DOĞRUER — 2008-01-01

In Burdur province, the infection of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) was investigated clinically, serologically and virologically in a dairy herd having the problems of the Repeat Breeding. For this purpose, serum and leucocyte samples from 25 cattle and 8 calves were collected. Serum samples for the presence of antibody (Ab) and leucocyte samples for the presence of antigen (Ag) were examined by ELISA. In the study, the presence of BVDV-Ab in serum samples, obtained from 7 calves and the presence of BVDV-Ag in leucocyte samples obtained from these calves were not detected. The presence of Ab and Ag in serum and leucocyte samples belonging to the dams of these calves were not detected. But, the presence of Ag in leucocyte samples of the same animal was detected while the presence of Ab in sera sample ofa calfwas not detected. The dam of this calfwas negative serologically and was positive virologically. The leucocyte samples obtained from this cow and its calf after 45 days were retested .They were described as persistent infected (PI) animals (6.06%). However, the presence of Ag in leucocyte samples obtained again from cattle found 7 BVDV (Ab-/Ag+) and 4 BVDV (Ab+/Ag+) after 45 days was detected and these animals were also decided to be PI.

Detection of Anti-brucella Antibodies in Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis Infections by an Antigen obtained from Rhizobium tropici

Zeki ARAS, Uçkun Sait UÇAN — 2008-01-01

Laboratory diagnosis of brucellosis is made by serological, molecular or cultural methods. Brucella spp., Agrobacterium, Ochrobactrum and Rhizobium all belong to the alpha-2 subgroup of Proteobacteria as revealed by studies on 16S rRNA sceqence analysis. O.anthropi has been used to diagnose brucellosis. In this study, whole cell extract from Rhizobium tropici (R. tropici) was examined for detecting antibodies to B. abortus and B. melitensis in cattle and sheep sera (200 in total), respectively. Genetic similarity between the bacteria R. tropici, B. abortus and B. melitensis was also investigated by RAPD-PCR. Using the sera from cattle, sensitivity and specificity were calculated as being 81.1% and 22.6%, respecitively when the SAT considered as Gold Standard. RLAT's sensitivity for sheep sera (80.1%) was found being close to that of cattle sera (81.1%) while specivity of RLAT for sheep sera (59.5%) was quite higher than the figure for the cattle sera (22.6%). In conclusion, use of whole cell antigen from R. tropici is not practical in sero diagnosing brucellosis in cattle and sheep. It is also considered that some antibodies to R. tropici are also mounted in the hosts contributing misunderstanding of the positivitiness in the serology.

Some Reproductive Traits of Kangal and Akbaş Dogs Reared in Different Housing Conditions

Cafer TEPELİ — 2008-01-01

In this study, some reproductive traits of Kangal and Akbaş Dogs reared in different housing conditions were examined. Dogs in the first group (control group) were sent to flocks except for the period from last week of pregnancy to 48th days of whelping (weaning stage). During this period, the dogs were kept in individual houses (1.5 x 1.5 x 1 m) placed in a wire-enclosed exercise area (3 X 4 m) in sheep barn. Dogs in the second group were tied to an iron ring which could move along a steel cable (25 m) fixed to individual houses (1.5 x 1.5 x 1 m). Dogs in the third group were housed in a kennel with a wire-enclosed outside exercise run (2x5 m) and an enclosed housing area (2x2 m). There were 4 Kangal and 4 Akbaş bitches in each group. Some reproductive traits of a total of 24 dogs were observed throughout two years. Dogs in the groups were the same ages and were fed with the same ratio. The percentage of dogs showing signs of estrous were 96.87 %, 71.87 % and 56.2 % (P<0.05); whelping rates were 96.67 %, 85.71 % and 72.22 %; interestrous intervals were 192.64, 242.80 and 263.38 days (P<0.01); average litter size were 6.14, 6.28 and 6.77 (P>0.05); average gestation lengths were 59.41, 60.22 and 61.23 days (P<0.05); average birth weights were 561.40, 542.74 and 529.89 g (P<0.01) in group 1, 2 and 3, respectively. There were significant differences concerning percentage of stillbirths and the number of puppies at weaning in favor of control group (P< 0.05). According to the results of the study, it can be said that dogs reared under natural conditions demonstrate better reproductive performance than those reared in the other two housing systems in the study. It can also be said that, in designing kennels, adequate exercise areas are necessary to ensure optimum fertility in Turkish Shepherd Dogs

Immünohistochemical Determination of aB-Crystallin Distribution in the Dog Central Nervous System Geliş

Siyami Karahan, Tolga Güvenç — 2008-01-01

aB-Crystallin is one of two subunits of multimeric protein a-crystallin (aA and aB), which is a major component of the lens. As a molecular chaperon and heat shock protein, aB-Crystallin prevents false protein folding and has anti-apoptotic properties. In this study, aB-crystallin expression was investigated in the central nervous system (CNS) using the tissues collected from the cerebrum, cerebellum, olfactory bulb, pituitary gland, medulla oblongata, cornu ammonis, hypothalamus and cervical spinal cord. Except in the pituitary, aB-crystallin immunolocalized in glial cells in all nervous tissues investigated. No immunoreactivity was observed in neurons. In double staining of aB-crystallin and 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNPase), the immunoreactive glial cells were determined to be CNPase positive as oligodendrocytes. Immunoreactive oligodendrocytes located mainly the in the white matter and the layers of the gray matter adjacent to the white matter. However, the spinal cord had numerous aB-kristallin positive oligodendrocytes both in the white and gray matters. In the white matter of the spinal cord, a limited number of glial cells were positive for aB-crystallin, but negative for CNPase. aB-Crystallin immunoreactivity was weak in cytoplasm but very light in the nucleus. As observed in oligodendrocytes of normal dog CNS tissues, aB-crystallin may have roles in anti-apoptotic process of oligodendrocytes and prevention false folding of proteins such as myelin basic protein, which is synthesized intensively by oligodendrocytes.

Some Microbiological and Chemical Characteristics of Strained (Pouch) Yogurt Produced in Konya

2008-01-01

In this research, forty five strained yogurt samples belonging to nine different trademark produced in Konya were analysed for the microbiological characteristics (coliform bacteria, E. coli, yeast, mould) with respect to the Turkish Food Codex Communique on Fermented Milk and for the chemical characteristics (dry matter, fat, titratable lactic acid, salt)_with respect to the Alimentary Products Law. Coliform bacteria, E. coli, yeast and mould counts were <3-150, <3-11 MPN/g, <10-6.5x105 and <10-2.4x104 cfu/g in the samples, respectively and two trademarks for coliform bacteria and E. coli counts, all trademarks for yeast and mould counts were not suitable in the Communique on Fermented Milk criteria. Values of dry matter, fat and lactic acid content of the samples were 19.06-32.54, 7.016.2 and 1.53-2.25 percent respectively and none of the samples were contained salt. All of the samples were taken for fat category and were suitable for the Alimentary Products Law. In conclusion, the results indicate that characteristics of strained yogurt produced in Konya were varied in quite wide range and strained yogurt produced from some company possesses a risk for public health and some company has not been possessed of hygienic conditions.

Effect of Drying at Different Temperature and Air Current Rate on Chemical, Microbiological and Organoleptical Characteristics ofFillet of Stizostedion lucioperca

Abdullah Diler, Ahmet Güner, Soner Altun, Seçil Ekici — 2008-01-01

In this investigation, chemical, microbiological and organoleptical characteristics of Stizostedion lucioperca dried in the sun and in the hot air dryers and then stored at 4°C for 60 days. It was determined that pH values of the samples dried in the sun were lower than pH values ofthe samples dried in the hot airdryers (p<0,05). In the samples dried at 65°C and high aircurrent, total psychrophilic aerob microorganisms and yeast-mould number were found the lowest statistically (p<0,05). And also coliform bacteria was not determined. There was no important effect of drying process statistically (p>0,05) on total mesophilic aerob microorganisms, Micrococcus-Staphylococcus, lactic acid bacteria, pH, TVB-N, aw and salt content. In the view of the general acceptance, texture, colour and appearance, the samples dried at 55°C and high air current was given highest points (p<0,05). It may be said that drying in the hot air dryers at high temperature and air current could be used as an alternative drying process, especially organoleptical properties and drying time, in drying of Stizostedion lucioperca.

Paternity Testing in Horses by Using Microsatellite DNA Markers: A Case Report

Yusuf Özşensoy, Ercan Kurar, Zafer Bulut, Mehmet Nizamlıoğlu — 2008-01-01

Parentage testing is critically important in horse breeding for actual evaluation of an animal, stud registrations, forensic studies and scientific researches. For this reason, DNA technology is widely used. The objective of this study is to determine genetic relationship between a mare and a foal by using blood and hair samples that were sent by the Attorney Generalship of Kars Province. DNA isolations were performed by using blood and hair samples. DNA samples were amplified at 10 horse microsatellite loci which were selected from a list suggested by International Society of Animal Genetics (ISAG). The resulting polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products were separated by capillary electrophoresis using a Beckman Coulter CEQ- 8000 Genetic Analysis System. Allele scoring was accomplished based on their base-pair size by fragment analysis and genotypes were determined each loci. Genotype data were evaluated based on common alleles. PCR products and so allele peaks were not determined for hair sample-2. When this sample was examined in detail, no hair roots were observed, which suggested that sampling was performed by a scissor. The same genotypes were observed between hair sample-1 and blood sample-2, therefore they belonged to the same animal. At least one common allele was observed at each AHT04, HMS02, HMS03, HTG06 and VLH20 loci for blood samples 1 and 2. On the other hand, common alleles were not determined for AHT05, HMS06, HTG07 and HTG10 microsatellite loci. These results suggested that no paternity is possible between the mare and the foal.

Angiolipoma of Inguinal Region in a Dog

2008-01-01

This report describes a case of angiolipoma in a 14 year-old female Papillon dog. Tumour was localized solitary under the skin ofthe inguinal region next to the right inguinal mammary gland. The mass was 6x2.5x2cm in size, weighed 15.21 g and ellastic in consistency with smooth appearance on the external surface. The cut surface of the tumour exhibited multilobulated appearance with gray to dark brown areas with surrounded by a thin capsule. In the microscopic examination, the tumourwas composed ofvarious sizes and thin-walled blood vessels randomly distributed throughout of well differentiated adipose tissue. According to microscopic results of the tumour was diagnosed as a angiolipoma.

Immun Sytem of Fish

Kürşat KAV, Osman ERGANIS — 2008-01-01

In this rewiev, fish immun system, subunits offish immun system, antibody production and the factors which effect the immun system were mentioned.