Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences - 2010; 26(1)

The role of university-public sector-industry cooperation at development of animal vaccines

Osman Erganiş — 2010-01-01

Governmental sector has been involved in vaccine production with developing and producing various vaccines for human and animal health since 1887. Private sector has been invested with vaccine production on animal health since 1990's. At present, there are five numbers of industrial companies other than governmental sector which are legally entitled to vaccine production. In terms of vaccine or serum production for human health, governmental sector has been withdrawn from the production. Furthermore no intention on such a production by private sector appears yet. By recent years, TUBITAK and KOSGEB are largely funding the scientific projects submitted not only by universities but also Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SMSe) and industry that submit R&D projects which are innovative and/or for developing novel products. Potential of the national investigators is in a situation that they are producing scientific papers two times of the world's average by only making use of half of the average fund. From now on, our human and financial resources are needed to be directed to R&D actions focusing on producing know how that can be sold and exported. This undoubtedly cannot be succeeded by participation of governmental sources only. It was time the industry earning from production makes synergy with scientific background of the university leading to come out new products in order to keep competitiveness within the world. The one who could accomplished this has become developed while that could not succeed it has been more undeveloped.

Effects of macrolide antibiotics on blood inflammatory mediators and organ damage markers in lipopolysaccharide-induced pulmonary damage rats

Ayşe Er, Enver Yazar — 2010-01-01

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of macrolide antibiotics using in veterinary area on serum/ plasma inflammatory mediators and organ damage markers in lipopolysaccharide-induced pulmonary damage rats. Materials and Methods: Total 198 Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Six rats were used for a 0th sampling point for all groups. 192 rats were divided into four equal groups as lipopolysaccharide (Escherichia coli 0111:B4, 0.5 mg/200 μl, intratracheal), lipopolysaccharide + tylosin (10 mg/kg, subcutaneously), lipopolysaccharide + tilmicosin (20 mg/ kg, subcutaneously) and lipopolysaccharide + tulathromycin (2.5 mg/kg, subcutaneously). After the treatments, blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture under anesthesia at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 6, 12 and 24 hours. Serum tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, interleukin- 10 levels, and plasma 13, 14-dihydro-15-ketoprostaglandin F_2α levels were determined by ELISA, while serum C-reactive protein, creatine kinase-MB, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol, triglyceride, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels were determined by otoanalyzer. Area under the concentration time curve (AUC_0-24 ), maximal concentration in plasma or serum (C_max ) and time to reach Cmax (t_max ) values were determined by pharmacokinetic computer program. Results: Macrolide antibiotics increased serum tumor necrosis factor α and plasma 13, 14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F_2α levels. Conclusion: Macrolide antibiotics used in veterinary area may no shown depression on immune system. Hovewer, investigation is need that especially dose-depended manner effects of macrolide antibiotics on immunosystem.

Effects of drugs on kinetic values of cytokines, adenosine deaminase and 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F_2α in endotoxemia: A different approach

2010-01-01

Aim: The objective of this study was to determine the effects of enrofloxacin (ENR), flunixin meglumine (FM) and dexamethasone (DEX) on kinetic values of cytokines, adenosine deaminase (ADA) and 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F_2a (PGM) in lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxemia. Materials and Methods: Rats were divided into seven groups. To induce endotoxemia, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was injected into all groups, including the positive control. The six other groups received the following drugs: ENR, FM, low-dose DEX, high-dose DEX, ENR + FM + low-dose DEX and ENR + FM + high-dose DEX. After the treatments, blood samples were collected at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, and 48 hours. Serum tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin- 6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), ADA and plasma PGM levels were determined by ELISA. Area under the concentration time curve (AUC_0-48 ), maximal concentration in plasma or serum (C_max ) and time to reach (t_max ) values were determined by pharmacokinetic computer program. Results: ENR increased (p<0.05) AUC_0-48 of PGM and decreased (p<0.05) AUC_0-48 of IL-6, IL-10 and ADA, while FM decreased (p<0.05) AUC_0-48 of IL-6 and ADA compared to LPS group. DEX alone and combined administrations caused the lower AUC_0-48 of all values (p<0.05). Conclusion: Kinetic values, especially AUC, may be used for total evaluation of endotoxemia markers determined at different sampling times in same groups as a different and logical approach.

Influence of mercury chloride-renal failure on pharmacokinetics of sulphamethoxazole after oral administration in mice

2010-01-01

Aim: The effects of renal failure on the pharmacokinetics of sulphamethoxazole were investigated after oral administration of 100 mg/kg of the drug using a mice model of mercury chloride-induced renal failure. Materials and Methods: Mercury chloride was given to mice at the doses of 3 and 6 mg/kg. Plasma sulphamethoxazole concentrations were measured by spectrophotometer. Plasma concentration-time data were fitted to a two-compartment open model. Results: Significant findings (p<0.05) were observed for absorption (AUC and t_1/2a ) and elimination (t_1/2β and MRT) phases of sulphamethoxazole related with renal failure. Also area under the curve value decreased, and mean residence time value increased with renal failure (p<0.05). Conclusion: Study result showed that dosage and administration intervals of sulphamethoxazole were important for patients with renal failure.

Investigations on the presence of E.coli O157:H7 in some meat products

Duygu Balpetek, Ümit Gürbüz — 2010-01-01

Aim: Presence of E. coli 0157:H7 was investigated in some meat products. Materials and Methods: Sausage, salami, hamburger meat, Inegöl meat ball, pastrami, minced meat and brisket and haunch of poultry collected from different meat sellers in Konya were used as materials. Totally 173 samples were assessed for coliform bacteria E. coli, E.coli O157 and E. coli O157:H7. Results: The average amount of coliform bacteria in frozen and refrigerated hamburger and Inegöl meatballs and sucuk, sausage, brisket and haunch meat from poultry are determined as 13;3.75;4.44; 5.10; 3.44; 1.85; 3.11; 3.14 and 4.28 log₁₀ cfu/g, respectively. The number of E. coli bacteria in analyzed samples was found between 1.15 and 3.17 log₁₀ cfu/g and found statistically significant (p<0.05). No proliferation was determined in sausage, salami and pastrami samples. It was found that the lowest values were in poultry haunch samples (1.15 log₁₀ cfu/g), the highest levels were in minced meat (3.17 log₁₀ cfu/g). In four of the minced meat samples analyzed in this study, E.coli O157 (11.1%) was determined, in two of them E.coli O157:H7 (8.1%) and in one refrigerated hamburger meat ball sample E.coli O157 and E.coli O157:H7 (4.34%) were determined. Conclusion: The presence of E.coli O157 and E.coli O157:H7 in minced meat and refrigerated hamburger meat indicates that, these products have low microbiological quality and threaten public health.

Immunohistochemical investigation of the role of ubiquitin and 8-hydroxyguanosine in pathogenesis of cattle leptospirosis

Musa Karaman, Hasan Özen, Serpil Dağ Erginsoy, Mitat Şahin — 2010-01-01

Aim: This study was performed to investigate the role of ubiquitin and 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHG) expression in liver and kidney tissue damage in Leptospira-infected cattle. Material and Method: Localization of these molecules was determined by indirect immunoperoxydase method using specific polyclonal antibodies in Leptospira positive (n=7) and healthy control animals (n=7). Results: A cytoplasmic immunostaining in the hepatocytes and kidney tubule epithelia against ubiquitin antibody was detected in Leptospira-infected animals. Immunostaining against 8-OHG antibody was seen intracytoplasmic and/or intranuclear in the hepatocytes, while it was mostly intracytoplasmic in kidney tubule epithelia. Conclusion: As ubiquitin and 8-OHG were shown to play roles in pathogenesis of Leptospirosis, further detailed studies to investigate and to wholly understand the mode of mechanisms of these molecules are suggested.

Recipient synchronization with various prostaglandin F_2α protocols for embryo transfer in cows

2010-01-01

Aim: In this study, recipient synchronization with various prostaglandin F_2α protocols for cryopreserved embryo transfer was examined. Materials and Methods: A total of 46 Brown Swiss cows assigned randomly into three groups. Group I (n=15) cows injected 0.150 mg cloprostenol intramuscularly at random stage of the oestrus cycle. Following the injections, cows were observed for oestrus for 5 days. The other cows were received two 0.150 mg I.M. injections of cloprostenol 11 (Group II, n=15) or 14 (Group III, n=16) days apart. In Group II and III, cows were observed for oestrus for 5 days after the last injections. All cows were transferred embryos cryopreserved by ethylene glycol on d 7 (oestrus 0). Pregnancy diagnoses were performed on d 28 by ultrasonography. Results: Injection-oestrus intervals and pregnancy rates were 56.13±4.37 h and 53.3%; 62.40±3.42 h and 46.7%; 70.75±3.08 h and 43.8% in groups I, II and III, respectively. Injection-oestrus interval was lower in Group I than in Group III (p<0.05) and was similar between groups I and II and groups II and III (p>0.05). The differences in pregnancy rates among groups were not significant (p>0.05). Conclusions: All synchronization protocols evaluated in this study can be used for oestrus synchronization for cryopreserved embryo transfer in cows.

The effects of different egg yolk concentrations used with soy bean lecithin-based extender on semen quality to freeze bull semen

2010-01-01

Aim: The centrifuged egg yolk (CEY) was added at concentrations of 0.5 or 10% to a defined soy lecithin-based extender (Bioxcell^® ) used to freeze bull semen and their synergistic effects on post-thaw sperm motility, morphological abnormalities and membrane integrity assessed. Materials and Methods: Ejaculates obtained from each Simmental bull (n:12) divided in three equal aliquots and diluted in CEY 5% (B5), 10% (B10) supplemented, and without any CEY (B0) in soy bean lecithin - based extender, respectively. Thereafter, they were frozen and thawed following a standart protocol. Sperm cryosurvival was evaluated in vitro by microscopic assessments of post-thaw sperm motility (by means of the CASA), acrosomal and other abnormalities (head, mid-pieces, and tail) and plasma membrane integrity (evaluated by HOST). Results: In Simmental bulls, semen extended with B5 had significantly higher CASA motility and CASA progressive motility than those extended with the rest of extenders after freezing and thawing (p<0.001). There was no significant difference in VAP, VCL, and ALH among the three groups (p>0.05). For VSL (p<0.01) and LIN (p< 0.001), the highest values were obtained from B10 group. The highest percentages of acrosomal and other abnormalities were found in semen diluted in B10 (p<0.001). In the group frozen B5, the percentage of membrane integrity was significantly higher than that of the other groups (p<0.001). Conclusion: The use of CEY 5% in combination with soy bean lecithin significantly improved bull semen freezability.

Evaluation of post-thaw quality of Brown-Swiss and Holstein bull semen diluted with different extenders

2010-01-01

Aim: To evaluate post-thaw guality of Brown-Swiss and Holstein bull semen diluted with different extenders. Materials and Methods: Ejaculates obtained from Holstein (n=36) and Brown-Swiss (n=36) bulls were divided into three aliquots and diluted with Tris-based, Optidyl^® and Bioxcell^® extenders, respectively. Thereafter they were frozen and thawed following a standard protocol. The effectiveness of freezing extenders was assessed according to postthaw sperm motility, acrosomal and total abnormalities and plasma membrane integrity. Results: With respect to Holstein bull semen, the highest percentages of sperm subjective (p<0.01), CASA progressive (p<0.001), and CASA motility (p<0.001) were found in semen diluted with Optidyl^® . Optidyl^® extender also provided best protection in terms of acrosome and plasma membrane integrity compared to other extenders (p<0.001). For motility motion including VAP, VSL and LIN values, the highest values were obtained from Optidyl and Tris (p<0.05). With respect to, the lowest percentages of post-thaw subjective (p<0.01), CASA motility (p<0.001) and membrane integrity (p<0.001) were obtained in the semen samples diluted with Bioxcell^® . The percentage of progressive motility was found to be higher in Optidyl^® than Bioxcell^® (p<0.01). The highest percentages of acrosomal and total abnormalities were found in semen diluted with Bioxcell and Tris extenders. The highest ALH value was obtained from Optidyl^® extender compared to the other groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: Optidyl^® extender may be preferred rather than Bioxcell^® or Tris + egg yolk extenders for freezing the Holstein and Brown-Swiss bull semen.

Congestive heart failure in three dogs

Mahmut Ok, Aliye Sağkan Öztürk, Cenk Er — 2010-01-01

In this case report the clinical, hematological, blood gases, some biochemical, ultrasonographic, electrocardiographic (ECG), radiographic and necropsy findings were presented in three dog with congestive heart failure. Plasma cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and creatinin kinase isoenzyme MB (CKMB) concentrations of all dogs were significantly increased. In the electrocardiagraphic examination, one dog had atrial fibrillation and two dogs had ventricular tachycardia. Radiographic and ultrasonograhpic examination, left and right heart dilatation was observed in all cases.

Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences - 2010; 26(1)

The role of university-public sector-industry cooperation at development of animal vaccines

Effects of macrolide antibiotics on blood inflammatory mediators and organ damage markers in lipopolysaccharide-induced pulmonary damage rats

Effects of drugs on kinetic values of cytokines, adenosine deaminase and 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2α in endotoxemia: A different approach

Influence of mercury chloride-renal failure on pharmacokinetics of sulphamethoxazole after oral administration in mice

Investigations on the presence of E.coli O157:H7 in some meat products

Immunohistochemical investigation of the role of ubiquitin and 8-hydroxyguanosine in pathogenesis of cattle leptospirosis

Recipient synchronization with various prostaglandin F2α protocols for embryo transfer in cows

The effects of different egg yolk concentrations used with soy bean lecithin-based extender on semen quality to freeze bull semen

Evaluation of post-thaw quality of Brown-Swiss and Holstein bull semen diluted with different extenders

Congestive heart failure in three dogs

Effects of drugs on kinetic values of cytokines, adenosine deaminase and 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F_2α in endotoxemia: A different approach

Recipient synchronization with various prostaglandin F_2α protocols for embryo transfer in cows