Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences - 1997; 13(2)

Some Productivity Characteristics of Chukar Partridges (A. chukar) in Different

Orhan Çetin, Kemal Kırıkçı, Nurettin Gülşen — 1997-12-01

This study has been carried out tor determining egg production, hatchability and growing characteristics in intensive conditions of the Chukar partridges which are local wild species in Türkiye. Adult Chukar partridges from different regions of Anatolia were divided into two groups. In first group, there were 5 male and S female aduft Chukar partridges and they were mated one by one in cages. In second group, there were 5 male and 5 female adult Chukar partridges and they were mated in flock. Average number of egg production, egg production percentage, egg weight, fertility, hatchability, and hatchability of fertilized eggs of flock and cage Chukar partridges groups were determined as: 38.40 and 11.20, 47% and 16 %, 19 31 g and 18.99 g. 89 06 % and 57.14%, 81.25 % and 53.57 % and 91.11 % and 93.75 % respectively. There were statistically significant differences between groups in respects of egg weight and egg production percentage (P<0.01); egg production, fertility and hatchability (P<0.001). But there were no sta tistically significant differences between groups in respects of hatchability ot fertilized eggs {P>0.05). Egg production period of flock and cages Chukar partridges were determined as 83 and 68 days respectively. Average body weights of adult Chukar partridges were determined as 411.39 g, while average body weights of 18 weeks old of Partridge chicks were found as 431.32 g. Date of first oviposition was realized 34 weeks old. As a result of this study Its considered thai for the conservation and supporting of hunting industry of Türkiye, the researches on management and improvement of egg production characteristics must be carried out in Chukar partridges.

Euthanasia in Veterinary Medicine

Aşkın Yaşar — 1997-12-01

Euthanasia is the most fascinating and the most discussed issue in ethics. Euthanasia is a rarely applicable veterinary medical action that it should be performed by specially trained personnel on the desperated animals suffering from a cureless disease or so aged and result in rapid unconsiousness followed by cardiac or respiratory arrest and ultimate loss ot brain function. The term "euthanasia" is a conjucted word derived from Greek terms "eu" meaning "good" and "thanatos" meaning "death" Still, there are two ways of euthanasia, as active and passive methods in application bul the active one is perterred in veterinary practice.

The Effects of the Different Crude Protein Levels on Some Blood Metabolites in Fattening Türkgeldi Male Lambs

I. Yaman Yurtman, Şafak Polatsü, Ensar Başpınar, M. Levent Özdüven — 1997-12-01

In this study. Ihe effects of the raiton crude protein (CP) level on some blood metabolites were investigated in fattening Tükgeldi male lambs. For this purpose 3 isocaloric compound feeds were prepared which their CP contents were 148.7 g/kg DM. 162.2 g/kg DM and 174.8 g/kg DM respectively 100 g/Head day dried hay and ad-libitum compound teed were given individually to the lambs as feeding regime during 56 days. The experiment was carried out on 3 groups (n=6) and blood samples were collected at 0, 14, 28. 42 and 56th days of the trial The analysis of glucose, total protein, urea, uric acid, creatinin, albumin, A/G ratio, triglicerid, cholesterol. Ca. P, Na, K quantities and ALP, GGT, AST and ALT activities were done on serum. At the end of the experiment only significant effects of the given differences of CP levels were found on serum urea and total serum protein levels (P<0.05).

The Effects of Silage Additive on the Microbial Succession and Fermentation Products During Ensiling Period and in Corn Silage

Kazım Şahin, Sait Çelik, Talat Güler, Nurhan Şahin, İ. Halil Çerçi — 1997-12-01

This study was conducted to determine the effect of additive teatment on microbial succession and fermentation characteristics during d 8 (0,2,4,8) of ensilimng period of com for silage and changes of nutrients contents, fermentation products and in vitro digestibbility of dry matter were investigated after d 45 of ensiling. Corn tor silage treated with addivite was divided into groups. These group. These groups were control group (K) no addivıte. AİV group (AİV) with %8 AİV solution, formic acid group (F) with %5 formic acid and HCIgroup with %5 HCI (H). The fermentation products, e.g., lactic, acetic acid and ammonia-N increased, but counts of mold and aerob bacteria decreased as ensiling time advanced. This increasing or decreasing was lower in treatment group than control group. Lactic, acetic acid and ammonia-N concentrations were lowered by addition acids, but counts of toial aerob bacteria and mold were hgher in control group than in treatment gdoups in silage (p<0.01), Dry matter, ash. ether extract contents of silage were not different (p>0.05) between groups, but organic matter, crude protein, nitrogen free extract were higher than control group (P<0.05). Crude fiber content was lowered by addition acids (p<0.05). The in vitro digestibility of dry matter in silage were 61,76, 64,83, 66.34 and 65,21% in K, AİV, F ve H groups, respectively (p<0.05).

The Biochemical and Radiological Diagnosis of Metabolic Bone Diseases in Calves

Mustafa Kul — 1997-12-01

In this study it was aimed to make differential diagnose of metabolic bone diseases caused by malnutrition and wrong management practices in calves by evaluating biochemical and radiological signs. As animal material, one hundred calves were used in various breed, sex and age. The differences between calcium, inorganic phosphorus and vitamin A blood levels based on biochemical analyses which are obtained from animals with rickets, juvenile osteopenia and hypertrophic osteopathy were found statistically significant (p<0.05). Blood parameters were detected as 8.64; 9.09 and 12.52 mg/dl in calcium, 5.93; 7.97 and 8.78 mg/dl in inorganic phosphate and 16.49; 28.73 and 31.61 mcg/dl in vitamin A respectively. There were no statistically significant differences amongst disease groups with respects to ALP activities and pH levels (p>0.05). It was determined that; rickets, juvenile osteopenia and hypertrophic osteopathy have similar radiological findings and by the way the importance of evaluating biochemical parameters beyond radiological findings especially in the differential diagnosis was concluded.

EFFECT OF SITE OF INSEMINATION ON BOVINE FERTILITY

1997-12-01

Effect ol site ol semen deposition on pregnancy rates ol artificially inseminated cattle were investigated. A total of 100 animals. 82 cows and 18 heifers, were divided into four groups and inseminated by depositing semen into corpus or cervix of the uterus or ipsi-or contralateral horn to the Graffian follicle. Pregnancy rales were 88, 72. 84 and 72 %, respectively. It was concluded that deposition of the semen into corpus uteri or ipsilateral horn to the ovulatory follicle increase pregnancy rates with Al and cervix uteri does not appear to be advantageous target for cattle.

Pulmonary Surfactant System

Zafer Durgun, Ercan Keskin — 1997-12-01

Pulmonary surfactant, a phospholipid-protein complex that lines the alveoli and small airways of the lungs, is secreted by type ll alveolar epithelial cells. Recognized functions of surfactant are (1) maintaining proper humidity of the alveolar wall; (2) providing a constant essential factor for easier pulmonary elastic recoil and reducing the work of breathing during passive expiration; (3) stabilizing the alveoli by lowering the surface tension at the air-liquid interface, or decreasing the tendency of small alveoli to collapse and fuse into larger alveoli at expiration; (4) resisting infiltration of capillary and interstitial fluids into the alveoli; and (5) emulsifying very small inhaled particles that may have reached the alveoli and thus facilitating their phagocytosis by macrophages. lt is stated that deficiencies of surfactant or differences in its composition are concerned with morphofunctional immaturity of lung in prenatal or neonatal period and many pulmonary diseases of adults. Therefore, many investigation are performed on the roles and therapeutic features of surfactant in these diseases and new information is added to old ones in every day.

Effect of Hormonal in Ovo Bursectomy on Some Blood Parameters and Leucocyte Percentages

Ercan Keskini, Zafer Durgun, Hasan Hüseyin Dönmez, Nurcan Dönmez — 1997-12-01

In the study, 20 hormonally bursectomized and 20 intact (control) eggs from native hibrit lines were used. Haematological examinations were performed in these birds at 1., 5., 10. and 15 th weeks of their ages It was not obtained any differences between the groups in respect ol erythrocyte, leucocyte and thrombocyte counts, ha-emoglobine and haemotocrit levels at any time period. Percentages of lymphocyte in the bursectomized group were significantly lower than in the control animals at 1 and 5 th weeks of their ages (P<0.05). In the same sampling times eosinophil percentages (7.80, 6.60 %, respectivety) in the bursektomized group were observed to be significantly higher than those in the control group (3.80, 4.20 %, respectively). On the other hand in the bursectomized group heterophil counts were determined relatively higher due to the decrease in lymphocyte counts as compared with the control group. The differences between the groups in respect of the percentages of lymphocyte, heterophil and eosinophil were disappared after 5 th week although eosinophil and heterophil counts were still higher in the bursectomized group. In conclusion, hormonal in ovo bursectomy like surgical bursectomy resulted in higher eosinophil count and both B and T lymphocytes are necessary to maintain eosinophil count in normal range.

The Possibility of the Aplication of the Smoking Process in Pastrami Making and its Effect on the Quality

Ümit Gürbüz, Yusuf Doğruer, Mustafa Nizamlıoğlu — 1997-12-01

Warm (30±1 ºC) and hot (54±1 ºC) smoking processes have been applied to paslrami. made ex-penmentally, before and after being covered with cemen paste. Chemical, microbiological and organoleptic effects on pastrami of smoking process were investigated on the 1st. 7th. 15th, 30th and 60th days. While the humidity of pastrami samples was between 51.53 % and 55.19 % on the tirst day, it was found to be 32.68-40.33 % on the 60th. Re-mercable differences releated to smoking process were observed between the groups on the 30th and 60th days. lt was found out that the samples to which hot smoking process was applied had the least humidity rate on the 60th day. The amount of ash and salt in pastramı samples was, in order, 5.97-8.98 %; and 5.28-5.74 % on the first day, and 8.45-12.16%; 6.93-9.23 % on the 60th . On the 1st and 30th days in the amount of ash, bul on the 7th. 30th and 60th days in the amount of salt were found differences between groups. Other remerkable differences between the groups of experimental pastrami samples were found to be in the pH values on the 15th and 60th and in water activity (Aw) values on the 1st and 7th days. lt has been observed that the humidity rate declines due to drying during storage. and that as a parallel occasion Aw values go down, and that salt and ash rates, on the other hand, increase. The highest humidity toss occured in the samples to which hot smoking process was applied before being covered with cemen paste, and the samples which hot smoking process was applied to after being covered with cemen paste had the second highest loss. Some other cosiderable differences between sample grups were found in the numbers of the searched total viable colony. Staphylococcus-Micrococcus. Lactobacillus, and yeast and mould in all phases (except for the total viable colony on the 1st and 7th days; the microorganism groups of Staphylococcus-Micrococcus on the 7th day). Microbiological researches were carried out on the 7th, 15th. 30th, and 60th days. The lowest numbers ot all microorganism groups on the 1st, 7th and 15th days was those of the samples which hot smoking process was applied to after being covered with cemen paste. but on the 30th and 60 th days the lowest ones were generally those of the samples which hot smoking process was applied to before being cowered with cemen paste In addition, it was observed that on the 1st , 7th, and 15th days yeast and mould microorganisms were not cultivated in the samples to which hot smoking process was applied before being covered with cemen paste, and that these organisms were not cultivated at all in the samples to which hot smoking process was applied alter being covered with cemen paste. Coliform group microorganisms were not cultivated in any phases of pastramies samples. Judging from the organoleptic researches, organoleptic qualities (except for texture on the 1st, and 30th days. and appearsnce on the 60th) showed differences between groups. The samples to which warm smoking process was applied before being covered with cemen pasta generally had highes organoleptic qualities. As a result. the samples which warm smoking process was applied to seem to have similar chemical and microbiological qualities to those control groups As for organoleptic properties, the sampies to which warm smoking process was appiied before being covered with cemen paste showed superior characteristics to others and it is thought that this method will have positive effecton the quality of pastramı.

The Comparisons of Clinical Efficacy of Steroidal and Nonsteroidal Anti Inflammatory Drugs in the Treatment of Canine Food Allergies

Mehmet Maden, Mutlu Sevinç, Erman Or — 1997-12-01

The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical efficacy of steroidal and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs in dogs suffered from food allergy. Totally 24 dogs having food allergy were used in the study. Eleven of which were served steroid group and remaining 13 dogs assigned to nonsteroid group. Al dogs were examined physically and the age, breed and sex of the dogs and the skin lesions (pruritis, alopecia, erythema. hyper-pigmentation. papules. pustules. crusts. saborhea. acute moist dermatitis, folliculitis and pyoderma) and their severity and localisation were recorded before the treatment in all dogs. The blood samples were taken and serum biochemistry profile were interpreted before and after treatment Autohaemotherapy was applied in all dogs While Ery tromycine (5 mg/kg body weight). dexamethasone (0.5-1 mg body weight) and tripelennamine (1 cc/20 kg body weight) therapy was applied to the steroid group of dogs. in the dogs of nonsteroid group erytromycine (5 mg/kg body weight) and fluniksin meglumine (0.3 mg/kg body weight) were given. This treatment was ceased when the skin lesions were resolved completely The resolution of skin lesions were started at 3th days and pruritis was decreased in the nonsteroid group while starting therapy response was 5th days in the steroid group. Therapy course was lasted 7 and 5 days in 6 and 5 dogs respectively. Hovewer therapy course was lasted 5 days in all dogs of nonsteroid group. In conclusion. flunixin meglumine was found to be more effective drug the both clinical efficacy and therapy course compared with deksamethasone in the medical treatment of food allergy.

The Study on the Relationship of Abomasal Displacement and Fatty Liver Syndrom in Dairy Cows

1997-12-01

This investigation was undertaken to determine the relationship of abomasal displacement and tatty liver syndrome in dairy cows. Twelve cows with abomasal displacement (7 LDA, 5 RDA) and 10 healthy cows (after calving) has been used as material. Blood and liver biopsy samples were taken from healthy cows and cows with abomasal displacement. Surgery was performed on cows with abomasal displacement and 9 ol 12 cows with abomasal displacement was recovered, but 3 of them was not healed. The differencies in aspartate aminotransferase (AST), glucose and Mg concentrations of healthy cows compared to cows with abomasal displacement were found to be significant (p<0.01). Thus, the differencies in alanine aminotransferase (ALT). albumin(Alb) and Ca levels ol healthy cows compared to cows with abomasal displacement were found to be significant (p<0.05). But, there was no significant in alkaline phospahatase (ALP), cholesterol, triglyceride, total bilirubin, TP and P concentrations between healthy cows and cows with abomasal displacement In 10 of all the cases, various degree fat infiltration ot liver was observed But. two cases has not shown any fat inflation of liver.

Effect of Bromelain Treatmant on Chemical, Microbiological and Sensorial Quality of Pastramı

Yusuf Doğruer, Ümit Gürbüz, Mustafa Nizamlıoğiu, Suzan Yalçın, Mustafa Atasever — 1997-12-01

This study was carried out to determine the effect of bromelain treatment on chemical, microbiological and sensorial quality of pastrami. For this this purpose, different bromelain solutions (0,0.25,0.50 and 1.0 %) were used The significant differences were determined at the protein, pH and a_w values after salting process, and at the SSP/Protein ratio and a_w value before cemen treatment, and at the humidity of samples after cemen treatment. The only significant differences among the groups were the count of Staphylococcus-Micrococcus and Lactobacillus microorganisms which were determinated the salting process. In sensorial quality, the highest quality points were given the samples that were not applied bromelain solution. In conclution, it was determinated that bromelain treatment did not remarcable effect on chemical, microbiological and sensorial quality of pastrami.

Effect of Bromelain Treatment on Some Chemical and Microbiological Properties of Pastrami During Storage Period

1997-12-01

This study was done to determine the effect storage period on chemical and microbiological properties of pastrami samples which prepared the meal samples applied various bromelain solutions (0.25, 0.50 and 1,0 %). Significant differences among the pastrami samples on the humidity. TBA and aw values were determined on the 1st. 30th and 60th days of experiment respectively. Microbiologically, the number of general, Staphylococcus-Micrococcus and Lactobacillus microorganisms of pastrami samples did not change significantly during the storage period. In conclution, it was determined that bromelain treatment did not effect on chemical and microbiological properties of pastrami samples during the storage period.

Seasonal Variations of Blood Aspartate Aminotransferase and Vitamin C on Local Breeds and Cross Breeds of Sheep in Konya Central Animal Research Institute

İbrahim Durmuş, Leyla Kalaycıoğlu — 1997-12-01

Fifty four sheep of Merino, Akkaraman, German Black Head (GBH) x Merino, GBHx Akkaraman, GBH x Ivesi, Hampshire Down (HS) x Merino, HSx Akkaraman, HS x Ivesi, Lincoln x Merino breed belonging Konya Central Animal Research Institute were used to determine the blood levels of activity of aspartate amino transferase (AST) and ascorbic acid during different seasons. Plasma AST activities changed between 76.53 and 102.48 U/lt during four seasons on the experimental animals. Plasma AST activities at different breeds was statistically different (P<0.05). Akkaraman sheep had the lowest activity as 76.53 U/lt and the Merino sheep had the highest activity as 102.48 U/lt. The season effected of the levels of plasma AST activities only at HS crosses. This effect was determined as the highest levels at winter and summer. The mean ascorbic acid levels at four seasons of nine sheep breed were 1.0211.438 mg/dl. The plasma ascorbic acid levels were significantly different at different breed groups (P<0.01) (Lowest at GBH x Merino, highest at HS x Ivesi). Seasonal variations of ascorbic acid levels were observed at all sheep groups except Merino and its crosses. At all groups examined the highest plasma ascorbic acid levels were at spring. The seasonal variations of the measured blood parameters suggest that the Merino crosses are resistant to Konya climate and the adaptation of HS crosses to this environment is difficult.

Determination of Nitrate and Nitrite Levels of Van Herby Cheese

Abdurrahman Aksoy, Emrullah Sağun, idris Türel, Neşe Okut — 1997-12-01

This study was made to find out the levels of nitrate and nitrite in herby cheese obtained in Van region. 57 samples of herby cheese were used. In all samples of cheese examined were found nitrate and nitrite. In the samples the levels of nitrate and nitrite were found as 32,72-96.96 ppm ( average 60.23 ppm) and 5.52-47.83 ppm { average 20.04 ppm). The high levels of nitrate and nitrite in herby cheese could come from the herbs which are added. As a result, it has been found that the rates of nitrate and nitrite in the examined herby cheese are on a level that could be harmful for health.

Investigation of Persistent Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Infection in Clinically Healthy Cattle Herds and Its Epizootiologic Importance

Atilla Şimşek, Feridun Öztürk — 1997-12-01

A total of 142 clinically healthy cattle in five herds were examined serologically and for persistent infection with Sovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (SVDV) in Konya. Leucocyte and blood sera samples were obtained from the animals. BVDV antigens were determined in total of two animals in two herds after examination by immunoflouresans test (IFT) of the 142 leucocyte samples. Second leucocyte samples were obtained from 2 cattle two months alter the initial sampling and SVDV antigens were not detected. The 142 first blood sera samples were tested against SVDV by sera neutralisation (SN) test. Antibodies to SVDV were detected in 113 (%79. 5) of 142 samples. Although viremic cattle and high seropositivity were found in two herds, persistent infected (PI) cattle couldn't be detected in this study.

Extracranial Arteries of the Dog

Hasan Erden, Nejdet Dursun, İsmail Türkmenoğlu — 1997-12-01

In this study was undertaken to determine the arterial vascularisation of the head of Turkish shepherd dog. As a material, fourteen adult dogs were used. The external carotid artery that the main source of the blood supply to the head of the dog has been determinated by means of coloured latex injected through the common carotid artery.

A Calf With Ectrodactyly and Micromelia: A Case Report

Fahrettin Alkan, Mehmet Tuzcu, Yılmaz Koç, Zeki Oğurtan — 1997-12-01

In this case report, a male cross-breed calf with ectrodactyly and micromelia malformation has been described individually,environment and genetic factors or both may effect congenital malformation in ruminants. Ecrodactyly disorder is considered as a genetically and it was seen low incidence in domestic animals.

Pathological Investigations on Remil Hemosiderosis in Sheep

Hüdaverdi Erer, S. Serap Türkütanıt, Fatih Hatipoğlu — 1997-12-01

This study was undertaken to determine hemosiderosis in the kidneys of sheep slaughtered at abattoir. For this purpose, the kidneys of 3012 sheep were examined, and in 52 (1.72 %) was showed hemosiderosis. In terms of pigment concentrations, these cases were classified as ; mild, moderate and severe. There were hemosiderin pigments in distal and medullar tubular epithelium, with particular location in proximal tubulus.

Use of Real-time Linear Ultrasonography in Dog Reproduction. I. Examination of Uterus in Nonpregnant Bitches

Sait Şendağ, D. Ali Dinç, Mehmet Uçar, Tevfik Tekeli — 1997-12-01

Efficiency of the real-time linear array ultrasonography to observe nonpregnant uterus in mature and sexually healthy bitches were evaluated. A total of 29 bitches of various breds, 24 intravital, 3 postvital and 2 males, were used. In the preliminary experiments, postvital or intravital, ultrasonographic examinations of uterus were performed either on in vitro uterus pieces or following laparatomy, cathether applications and fluid infusion into vagina. Male dogs were used as control. In the main part of the study (n=20) ultrasonographic images of different parts of uterus were obtained when bitches were laying on one side or at up side down position by applying the probe on the pelvic area. Cornu uteri could not be screened ultrasonographically in 18 cases (% 90) out of 20. In two cases, both of the uterine horn with different echogenicity from each other was detected. Cervix and corpus uteri were viewed in all cases (%100). In one of the two bitches with ultrasonographically visible uterine horn, cornu uteri was completely hyperechogenic. However, in the second case uterine horn were noticed with hyperechogenic dorsal and ventral wall and hypoechogenic inner part. Cervix uteri was observed with hyperechogenic dorsal and ventral wall, comparatively hypoechogenic inner part and anechogenic lumen. As a result, detection of the sonomorphological features of mature and nonpregnant uterus may be helpful to diagnose pregnancy and uterine pathology which are characterized by the altered uterine echotexture in bitch.

Clinicopathologic and Pathologic Investigations on Experimenal Acute Pancreatitis in Dogs

Metin Münir Kıran, Halil Çankaya, Fatih Hatipoğlu — 1997-12-01

The aim of this study was to investigate the clinicopathologic and pathologic features of experimentally induced acute pancreatitis in dogs. Total 13 healthy dogs were used and grouped as experimental group (7 dogs) and control group (6 dogs). After laparatomie, oleic acid (0.5 ml/kg body weight) was injected into pancreas of experimental group dogs. Clinically, the experimental group dogs were showed fever, anorexia, depression, vomiting and steatorrhea. The median serum cholesterole and trigliseride concentrations, median serum amylase and lipase activities, and urine amylase/creatinine ratio were increased in the experimental group when compared with the values of control group dogs. The median serum ALP activities were increased, whereas the median serum ALT activities did not show any significant alteration. Pathologically, haemorrhagic-necrotic pancreatitis, thrombosis of blood vessels, fat necrosis and in some cases abscessation were detected in the pancreas of experimental group dogs. In conclusion, the combination of serum lipase enzyme activity with urine amylase/creatinine ratio, might be useful in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis.