Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences - 2001; 17(1)

The Histological Changes in Bronchus Associated Lymphoid Tissue (HALT) of Chickens Thvmectomised by Administrating Hydrocortisone Acetate at Post Hatching Period

Mustafa Sandıkçı, İlhamı Çelik — 2001-01-01

In this study, embryonic development of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) of chicken embryos as well as the effect of hormonal thymectomy induced by hydrocortisone acetate administration at post hatching period on the BALT were investigated light microscopically. For these purposes, a total of 80 chicken embryos from Avian Bred of different ages, and 200. 7-day-old chickens of the same strain were used. The embryos were used only to investigate the embryonic development of BALT. while the 7-day-old chickens, these were divided into two equal groups as norwreated. controls and hormonally thymectomized ex peri mentals, were used tor investigating the ettects of early hormonal thymectomy on the BALT, depending on the (actor "life ttme". In the lung sections ot the embryos aged between 6 to 18 days, any histological evidence of BALT development has not been observed At the post-hacthing period, between 4lh and days following HCA treatment, a definite reduction in the size of lymphoid follicles ot BALT İn companson with the non-treated controls was observed. Bronchus associated lymphoid units ot HCA-treated animals were smaller and lesser in number between 3ftl and 15th weeks after HCA-treatment Furthermore lymphoid tissues of these animals were observed as small lymphocytic eel) accumulation areas with poor cellulanty Germinal center (GC) formation has also generally been depressed and the poorly developed GCs were smaller and the units were with low cellularity. However, between 17'" and 25'n weeks following the HCA treatment, the BALT had quite similar appearance with those bl the controls. This morphological finding might be an indication that there is a reversal of the drawbacks ol early hormonal thymectomy with time, on the histological structure and cellular composition of the BALT in chicken.

Pathological and Bacteriological Studies On Pneumonia in Goats Slaughtered at Bitlis Slaughterhouse

ZabidYener, Kemal Gürtürk, Yavuz Gülbahar, Hasan Solmaz — 2001-01-01

In this study, pathological and bacteriological examination of pneumonia in Goats slaughtered in Bitlis slaughterhouse were carried out. For this purpose, a total of 1505 lungs were examined and in 74 (4.91%) lungs pneumonia was detected. Histopathologically, pneumonias were classified as follows; verminous pneumonia (43,2%), fibrinous bronchopneumonia (23%), interstitial pneumonia (17,6%) and catarrhal-purulerit bronchopneumonia (16,2%). Bacteriological examinations were performed on forty-two pneumonic lungs (except the verminous pneumonia) and various bacterial agents as pure or mix culture were isolated from 32 (76.2%) cases. These were Pasteurella ha-emotytica (38.09 %). Mycoplasma spp. (28.57%), Staphylococcus aureus (16.66%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (11.90%), Moraxella spp. (4.76%), Bacillus spp. (4.76%) and Pasteurella multocida (2.38%). In conclusion, the most common type of pneumonia found in Bitlis region was verminous pneumonia, and bacterial examinations showed Pasteurella haemolytica and Mycoplasma spp. were the most important causal agents in caprine pneumonia.

Clinical and Pathological Examinations on Leptospirosis in Cattle

Zabid Yener, İhsan Keleş — 2001-01-01

In the present study, leptospirosis was diagnosed in a cattle flock aged between 6 months and 2 years in the suburb of the city of Van. Seven animals were reported to have been died during the infection between December 1999 and January 2000 Clinically, icterus, haemoglobinuria, fever, leucocytosis, weight loss and anorexia were observed Histopathologically, necrotic hepatitis, haemoglobinuric nephrosis, vasculitis, haemorrhagic and catharal pneumonia, catharal enteritis, focal necrosis and hemosiderosis in spleen were seen. Certain diagnosis was based on the determination of leptospiral antigens by immunoperoxidase staining of sections obtained Irom liver, spleen, and kidney.

Evaluation of Clinical and Surgical Approaches in 22 Calves with Atresia Coli

Yılmaz Koç, Fahrettin Alkan, Cengiz Ceylan, Fatih M. Birdane — 2001-01-01

The purpose of the this study was to evaluate the anamnesis, signalment, clinical and laboratory findings and surgical outcome of calves with atresia coli. Twenyt two calves have been used as materials. Lateral celiotomy (n 14) and median celiotomy (n:8) were performed. Ten calves out of 22 survrved after operative approach. It is important to conclude that survrval rate depends on time passed after birth afong with general condition of calves. Intensive care is also essential before, during and after the surgical intervention in the treatment. Suitable segment of intestinal anastomosis may be a (actor in the succes rate.

Renal Cell Carcinoma in a Cow

Zabid Yener — 2001-01-01

A case of renal cell carcinoma in a 11 years old cow was descnbed. Grossly, whitish-grey coloured, 1-2 cm in diameter and well-circumscribed masses were seen in the cortex and medulla of one lobule of the right kidney Tumour was primarily cortical, and extended into the renal calix. Microscopically tumour was diagnosed as renal cell carcinoma.

Pathological Investigations on Renal lesions in Sheep

Fatih Hatipoğlu, Hüdaverdi Erer — 2001-01-01

This study was undertaken to determine the incidence, macroscopic and microscopic features of kidney abnormalities in sheep slaughtered at Konya abattoirs, For this purpose, a total of 10.080 sheep from different breeds and sources were examined at Meat and Fishery Organisation Konya Meat Combine and Konet Abattoir, This examinations revealed that 316 sheep (3,13 %) had various kidney abnormalities. These kidneys generally had more than one pathological changes. Amyloidosis was found in ten sheep (3.16 %) out of 316. Glomerulonephritis was seen in 22 cases (6.96%) and classified as follows; proliferative (19 cases) and membranoproliferative (3 cases) glomerulonephritis. Toxic tubulonephrosis was detected in 16 cases (5.06%). The kidneys of 6 sheep (1.89%) had cho-lemic nephrosis, and kidneys of 92 sheep (29.11%) which showed varying from reddish-brown to dark brown in colour had hemosiderosis. Cloisonne kidney was found in 4 cases (1.26%). Besides, calcification was observed in the kidneys of 65 sheep (20.56%) which was accompained with tubulonephrosis in 52 cases. Two hundred and three cases of interstitial nephritis (62.24 %) were found. The lesions were classified as nonpurulent in 164 cases (51.89 %) [ two diffuse (0.63%), and 162 focal (51.26%)] and purulent in 37 cases (11.70 %)[ 2 focal purulent (0,63%), 15 abscesses (4.74 %) and 24 pyelonephritis (7.59 %) (4 ol them with abscess)] Furthermore, 2 cases (0.63%) out ol 203 were determined as granulomatouse nephritis. Hydronephrosis was seen in 11 (3.48 %) cases (2 bilaterally, 9 unilaterally). Nephrolithiasis was observed in 28 sheep (8 86%) either bilaterally (12 cases) or unilaterally (16 cases).

Effects of Sodium Bicarbonate and Magnesium Oxide as Buffers on Milk Production in Dairy Cows

Derya Umucalılar, Erdoğan Şeker — 2001-01-01

In experiment, 16 dairy cows were divided into three groups. Five of them used as control group, five of them used in 1 % NaHC0₃ group and rest of them were placed in third group and 0.5 % MgO was added to the teed. End of the experiment, the milk production in the NaHC03 group (22.60 kg/day) was decreased compared to the MgO (23.75 kg/day) and control groups (24.5 kg/day) Average dry matter intakes were found 16.23, 13.52 and 13.65 kg/day. respectively. And by addition of buffers milk production was reduced significantly (P<0.05). In the case of 3.5 and 4 % fat corrected milk were not significantly difference (P>0.05). Among the research period, there was no significant (P>0.05) difference between the miik samples ol the groups in fat, protein, lactose, ash, dry malter and non -fat dry matter values which were determined weekly. It was determined that NaHC0₃ was decreased daily milk protein and lactose yield and buffers were significantly decreased non-fat dry matter yield and dry matter consumption (P<0.05), The buffers caused an increase in the costs of the rations, but they reduced the feed consumption. Because of the decreasing in the feed consumption they supplied on advantage in expences ol i kg milk, milk fat. milk protein and non-fat dry malter At the end of the research it was determined that the buffers caused decreasing the amount of average milk production. However the bullers caused an increase of average milk fat ratio. Magnesium oxide as buffers found more effective lhan sodium bicarbonate on milk production and composition As a result, it is considered usetul that the buffers used in feeding high milk producing dairy cows which do not consume enough amount of high quality lorage in their rations.

Production Performance Of Morkaraman, Akkaraman And Awassi Sheep Under Semi-intensive Conditions II. Growt And Sııni«ıl Kates Of Lambs

Orhan Özbey, Abdulkadir Akçan — 2001-01-01

The current study was conducted In order to investigate the growth and survival ability characteristics of Morkaraman, Akkaraman and Awassi lambs. In this study. 30 Morkaraman, 32 Akkaraman and 41 Awassi male and female lambs were used. İn Morkaraman, Akkaraman and Awassi lambs, birth weights were found as 3.71, 4.47 and 4.03 kg, weaning weights (105 th day) 24.12. 26.68 and 22.56 kg, daily live weight gains from birth to weaning 194.38. 211.52 and 176.48g and survival ability until the weaning period 87 %. 88 % and 88 %, respectively. While the effect of genotype throughout the growth period was found to be insignificant, that of parturition type was significant on day 45th (P<0.05), very significant on days 60th , 75th , 90th and 105th (P<0.01) and extremely significant at parturition and on day 30th (P<0.001). Days 90th (P<0.01) and 105th , on which influence of sexual period was found to be efficent, had on important effect in favour of male lambs.Effect ol mother's age was found to be significant (P<0.05) on days 75th and 90th.

Phenotypic Correlations among The Amounts of Total Lean, Fat and Hone of Kıvırcık Lamb Carcasses and Carcass Joints

Hıdır Demir — 2001-01-01

This study was earned out to determine the carcass joint to be used most effectively tor the determination ol the amount of total carcass lean, fat and bone. Male Kıvırcık lambs weaned at the age of 75 days and exposed to fatten for 56 days were used in the study. Hot dressing percentage was 46.07% and cold dressing percentage was 45.35% for the lambs slaughtered at the average live weight of 33.45 kg. The highest proportions of joints were 32.63% for leg, 28.26% for other parts and 18.20% for shoulder, respectively. The highest ratio for lean was 61.20% at teg, for fat was 33.00% at loin and for bone was 29.90% at back. The highest phenotypic correlations among the total lean, lat and bone ot the carcass with the lean, fat and bone ot 5 different carcass joints were 0.936 lor lean at leg, 0.734 for fat at loin and 0.823 for bone at other parts. The highest phenotypic correlations between the total carcass lean, fat and bone were with lean, fat and bone of the joint called other parts (0.817. 0.614 and 0.823) and shoulder (0.720, 0.622 and 0.550) and leg (0.936. 0.644, and 0.447) followed this joint.

Production Traits of Tushin sheep I. Reproductive Ability and Growth

Ali Rıza Aksoy, Mustafa Saatcı, Musa Özbey, Muharrem Taşkın Dalcı — 2001-01-01

This study has been conducted to describe the reproductive ability and growth traits of Tushin sheep Forty ewes and 32 lambs were used in 1997, and 93 ewes 73 lambs were used in 1998. Rate of birth and rate of twin born were 70.0% and 14,3% in 1997. and 70.0% and 9.8% in 1998 respectively, and the differences between years were not significant. The survival of lambs at 90th day of age were 71.9% and 87.7% (P<0.05) in 1997 and 1998. respectively. The expected mean of birth weight and weaning weight was 3.69±0.01 kg and 17.53±0.08 kg respectively. The age of dam, birth type, sex and year significantly affected the growth traits.

The effect of feeeding frequency on body and carcass weight of commercial broiler chickens

Ahmet Nazlıgül, H. Erbay Bardakçıoğlu — 2001-01-01

This study was earned out to determine the effect ol feeding regimes on broiler performance. Broilers were feed in three groups related with leeding frequencies. The first group was led in one time at 9⁰⁰ a.m. while second was fed in two times, at 9⁰⁰ a.m. and 15⁰⁰ p.m., and third one was ted in three times, at 9⁰⁰ a.m., 13⁰⁰ and 17⁰⁰ p.m. everyday. Body weight averages were 2112.3, 2138.3 and 2208,9 g respectively tor the groups. There were nonsignificant differences among the three groups for all characteristics ol broiler performance. The second and third groups were belter than first group, except sixth week lor body weight. Carcasses have the heaviest values for the third group which was fed in three times a day, and the lowest lor lirsl group. As a conclussion more frequently feeding may increase carcass yield and productivity economicaly in broilers.

Investigation or the Effects of Prostaglandin F_2α, Furosemid and Indomethacin on Sperm Characteristics in Rams

İbrahim Pirinçci, İzzet Karahan, Tanzer Bozkurt, Osman Güler — 2001-01-01

This investigation was made to establish the effects of PGF_2α , furosemid, indomethacin and the combinations of these drugs on the sperm volume, viscosity, mass activity, motility, density and abnormal spermatozoa rate in rams. In the study, 70 Akkaraman rams, approximately 2 years old were used. PGF_2α (0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mg/ kg), furosemid (2.0, 4.0 and 6.0 mg/kg). indomethacin (3.0, 6.0 and 9,0 mg/kg) and the combinations of these drugs were intramuscularly given the animals In one dose and in doses following on each other's four days. The sperm samples were collected after administrations. Sperm characteristics were determined in the samples. The sperm volume. motility and density were established to decrease but the increase in abnormal sperm rate in the sperm samples in the rams given in one dose and in doses following on each other's four days PGF_2α and furosemid. However, sperm characteristics weren't altered in the rams given indomethacin. In conclusion, it was decided that prostaglandins and drugs effecting prostaglandin synthesis could alter sperm production and sperm characteristics.

The Determination of the Selenium Levels in Blood and Tissues in Sheep Experimentally Poisoned with Selenium

Ahmet Ateşşahin — 2001-01-01

This study was carried out to determine the changes in ihe selenium levels in blood and tissues in sheep experimentally poisoned with selenium. In the study, 25 Morkaraman sheep at the weight of 50-55 kg were used Selenium was given orally at the doses of 1. 2. 3 and 4 mg/kg and intramuscularly at the doses of 0.1. 0.2. 0,4 and 0.6 mg/kg. Blood samples were laken Irom v.jugularis following the oral and intramuscularly application of selenium at 1. 3, 6, 9. 12, 18, 24, 48. 72, 120. 168, 240, 360, 480. 600th hours; and at 10, 20. 30th min. 1. 3, 6, 9, 12, 24. 48. 72. 120. 168. 240th hours, respectively. Selenium was intramuscularly given at the dose of 0.6 mg/kg and then tissue samples were bbtained at 1/2. 1, 3, 9 and 24th hours by decapitation of sheep. The blood selenium levels started (o increase at 1st hour and observed to reach to the maximum levels at 18th hours in all doses of selenium given orally. Then, the selenium levels were determined to gradually decrease to the near levels ol control groups at 360th hours at doses 1 and 2 mg/kg, and 600th hours at doses 3 and 4 mg/kg. The selenium levels of blood samples started lo increase in all doses at 10th min following the administration of selenium intramuscularly and reached to the maximum levels at 20th min at the doses of 0,1 and 0.2 mg/kg; and 30th mm at doses of 0.4 and 0.6 mg/kg. Then, the blood selenium levels gradually decreased to the near levels of control groups at 120th hours at doses 0.1 and 0,2 mg/kg, 168th hours at doses 0.4 and 0.6 mg/kg. Selenium levels in liver, kidney, spleen, heart, lung, muscle and bile started to increase at 30th min and were observed to reach the maximum levels at 1st hours in spleen, heart and lung; at 3rd hours in liver, kidney and muscle; at 9th hours in bile, following the application of selenium intramuscularly at the doses ol 0,6mg/kg. Then, the selenium levels determined to gradually decrease and they were ai the higher levels than control groups at 24th hours. No changes were observed in the selenium levels in hair, skin and toenail within the 24 hours.

The Analysis of Profitability and Productivity of Dairy Cattle Enterprises in Konya Province and Their Production and Marketing Problems

Aytekin Günlü, Engin Sakarya — 2001-01-01

This study was carried out to determine the profitability and productivity measures to be taken up order to increase the optimum level in resource use by constructing an econometric model using the production and financial data from randomly selected 135 dairy cattle enterprises in Konya between 1995 and 1996. Data were analyzed by the Cobb-Douglas production lunction. economic rantability and rantability factor ratios Enterprises were evaluated on both scale and the province bases The cost components estimated and their proportion in the total cost in this research were as follows: 49.99 % in feed. 32.78 % in labour, 7.18 % in depreciation cost, 4 69 % in veterinary services 1 41 % in maintenance cost and 3 93 % in other costs. îhe income sources and their proportions in the total income in these enterprises in 1995 were as follows: 62.04 % in milk sales, 25.27% in calf revenues, 10.98 % inventory value increases, 1 71 % manure revenues These values were estimated to be 51.52%, 17.96 %, 31 95 %. and 0 82 %, m 1996 respectively. The average milk production was calculated to be 3530 I and 3260 I in 1995 and 1996 respectively The ratio of economic rantability was estimated to be -5.46 and 30.14 in 1995 and 1996 respectively. Rantability factor ratio was estimated to be -13 08 and 34.75 in this period Large scale enterprises had more profit in 1995, whereas the medium scale enterprises had higher profit in 1996. According to the tesults of multiple regresion analysts the Marginal Value Productivity of input factors at leed, labour, depraciation costs, veterinary services, maintanence costs and the other costs were 0.81, 0.91; 6.30: 1.84; -5.63 and 5.73 respectively Returns to scale in Konya was 1.076. It was concluded that the effectiveness of resource usage of input factors which are used throughout the production period in dairy cattle enterprises in the province was inefficient In other words, the level of resource use was far from the optimum level for profil maximization.

Production Characterictics of Chios x Akkaraman (F₁ and B₁) Crossbred Lambs. I. Growth, Survival Ability and Body Measures

Fikret Esen, Orhan Özbey — 2001-01-01

The aim of this study was to investigate (he growth, survival ability and body measurements of Chios x Akkaraman (F1) and Chios x (Chios x Akkaraman) B₁ crossbred lambs. The data for the study were obtained from 23 Chios x Akkaraman (F1) and 28 Chios x (Chios x Akkaraman) B₁ crosbred lambs in suckling period and from 9 Chios x Akkaraman (F1) and 12 Chios x (Chios x Akkaraman) B₁ crosbred lambs in order to determine body measurements Lambs were fed with alfalfa hay and concentrates in the suckling period The average birth weight was 3.72 and 3.60 kg, the weaning weight was 19.35 and 18.26 kg (p<0.01). the survival ability at weaning (105th day of age) was 78.26 % and 78.56 % in the crossbred F1 and B₁ lambs, respectively. Withers high was 58.75 and 58.41 cm, and pelvis width was 21.75 and 17.16 cm (p<0.01) in crossbred F1 and B₁ lambs at the age of 6 months, respectively.

Some Wood Parameters in Bulls Administered Vitamin C at Different Environmental Temperatures

Tufan Keçeci, Ercan Keskin — 2001-01-01

A total of 84 healthy Swiss Brown bulls used in the study in order to investigate the effect of different environmental temperatures and vitamin C administration on the levels of certain blood metabolites. For this purpose the amount of 50 ml/week vitamin C solution contained 20% ascorbic acid (n:7) and the same amount of sterile physiological saline (n;7) were intramuscularly injected within 4 weeks to the bulls which were at the same conditions of maintenance and nutrition at two months intervals during one year. At the same period, the blood samples were taken and the data of environmental temperatures were recorded In hot environmental temperatures (20,8 C; 39.3% relative humidity (RH) and 23.7C; 20.0% RH) serum glucose and total cholesterol levels of the bulls administered vitamin C or sterile physiological saline were determined to be lower levels, when compared to the same values in cold environmental temperatures (3,2ºC: 63.3% BH and 5.3ºC; 77% RH). Although aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity ol the animals in both groups at hot environmental temperatures was found to be higher amounts than the value at cold environmental temperatures. Vitamin C was not significantly influenced any investigated blood metabolites. Moreover, it was not determined any effect of the environmental temperatures on the serum alkaline phosphatase, urea-nitrogen, total protein, albumin, calcium and inorganic phosphorus levels of the bulls. Consequently, it was determined that the environmental temperatures caused to alter the values of the serum glucose, total cholesterol and AST in Swiss Brown cattle and vitamin C was not influenced on the investigated parameters at the ambient temperatures recorded this experiment.

Effect of the Carrageenan Usage on Some Chemical and Phsycochemical Quality Properties of Reduced Fat Salami

Ahmet Güner, Mustafa Nızamlıoğlu — 2001-01-01

This study was done to determine reducing of lat ratio and using ol carrageenan m the salami production and effects of these treatments on the quality characteristics of salami In this research, samples were primarily di vided into three groups according to the fat ratio (20%, 10%, 5%) and then each of samples was divided into 3 subgroups according to the ratio of carrageenan (1%. 0.5%, 0%) As a result of physical and physicochemical analyses according to the lat ratio, samples were found in different moislure, lat, protein content and energy value during all Storage period, pH value at 7th and 30th, aw value at 1st and 60th and TBA value at 1st, 15th and 60th, According to the carrageenan applied factors, samples were found ditferent from each other to ash content at 15th, pH value at 7th, 15th and 30th, TBA and STK values at 60th and emulsion stability at 1st ol storage period As a conclusion, addition of fat in salami production may be limited down to 10 %. in cases when carragenan is used in a level of 1 %, fat could be reduced down to 5 %.

The effects of starter culture addition on chemical, microbiologic and sensory quality characteristics of Ivriz checse

Nevzat Demir, Mustafa Nizamiıoğlu — 2001-01-01

In this study, addition of starter culture in traditional Ivriz cheese production and the effects of its on chemical, microbiological and sensory quality characteristics of the cheese during ripening period. Two groups of cheese were produced. Samples of group A cultured and samples of B were traditionally produced. On the other hand, the market cheese is obtained from Institute of Ereğli Sheep Production Station and performed group C. The chemical and microbiological analyses have been done in 1„ 15., 30., 60., 90. and 120lh days ol ripening and the sensory analyses has been done in 60.. 90. and 120th days of ripening. The samples belong to group A showed lower humidity and salt contents in dry matter at the beginning of ripening but later stages similar results have been obtained to the other groups. Fat levels in dry matter ol group A, samples were higher in initial stage but during the ripening period they hava show similar results to the others. Acidity value of A group Ivriz cheese sampies were higher than group B and C groups during the ripening period. Generally, it has been observed that A group of cheese has low level pH. Higher protein levels found in C group Ivriz cheese compare to A and B levels. There are no significant differences between groups for generally microorganisms, staphylococcus, mould and yeast lor experimental Ivriz cheese products. Cheese produced culture addition has the highest total points average in the 120,ri day of the ripening period. In conclusion; it was observed that using of the cullure in the Ivriz cheese production increased the quality ol cheese and decreased levels of ripening period in Ivriz cheese. Market cheese has to ripen in 90 days and sell. Ivriz cheese produced with culture addition showed similar sensory analyses results in the 60,h day of ripening period to the market cheese. It is concluded thai culture adding cheese production decrease to ripening period; therefore storage is short and microbiologic quality also best compare to other groups.

Microbiological and Chemical Changes Observed in the Frozen Crayfish Stored at Different Temperatures

Bahri Patır, Ahmet H. Dinçoglu Ayşe Gürel — 2001-01-01

In this study, microbiological and chemical changes in frozen crayfish samples what stored at - 4ºC, -18 ºC and -35 ºC for 20 weeks, are investigated. Total number ol microorganisms were determined at three different incubation temperatures [5. 20 and 35ºC) and 1^st , 2^nd , 4^th , 8^th , 16^th h and 20^th weeks of storing period. It is determined that the total number of microorganisms are higher in samples stored at - 4 ºC then the ones stored at -18;C and -35"C. Staphylococcus-Micrococcus numbers increased up to 8th week in the sample stored - 4ºC and until end of storing period in the samples stored at -18 ºC and -35ºC. Total numbers of Coliform group microorganisms Increased in all the series and reached to the maximum at 20^th week. Any yeast and mould microorganisms were not observed in any of the samples during storing period. TVB-N amounts increased in samples stored - 4ºC up to 4^th week and as parallel to the other series later the rate ol increase was faster and reached to 58.52 mg/100 g at the end ol storing period. In the samples stored -18:C and -35 ºC this value varied between 2.8016 66 during storing period. The pH values showed a slow increase at the first weeks and fast increase in the following weeks. It is concluded that frozen crayfishes can be stored at -18 and -35ºC for 20 weeks without any decomposition. In the samples stored at -4 ºC numbers of microorganisms and some chemical values fast reach to the levels undesired and over the standards.

Application of the Mast^® Resistotyping Scheme to Arcobacterbutzleri strains isolated from commercial broilers

Halil İbrahim Atabay, Fuat Aydın — 2001-01-01

In this study, the applicability ol Mast Resistotyping scheme, which was originally developed lor the sub-typing of Campylobacter species, to Arcobacter butzleri strains isolated from broiler chickens was tested. The resistotyping scheme includes six antimicrobial agents comprising tetracycline (18µg); nalidixic acid (30µg); metronidazole (5µg); 2,3,5, triphenyltetrazolium chloride (1000µg); 5-fluorouracil (80µg) and sodium arsenite (30µg), which are impregnated to paper discs, and the theory of the system is based on determination of the resistance of the bacterial strains to those antibiotics. All strains tested were found sensitive to tetracycline and 2.3,5, triphenyltetrazolium chloride. Sixty-five percent, 15 %, 12 % and 9 % of the A. butzleri strains tested gave 66, 26, 06 and 46 code numbers, respectively, and 4 different resislotypes were obtained. Mast Campylobacter Resistotyping scheme was not found very suitable for the sub-typing of A. butzleri strains in this form, since there were few sub-types obtained with this system and the most strains gave the same code numbers (e.g. 22 of the 34 strains gave 66 code numbers). In addition, it is suggested that resistotyping scheme has to be made suitable for the sub-typing of Arcobacter species either by modifying the antimicrobial agents incorporated or by re-adjusting their concentrations.

The detection of antibiotics in raw milk samples in Bursa region

Canan Dokuzlu, Mustafa Tayar — 2001-01-01

In this study a total ol 150 milk samples were tested for thepresence ol antibiotics by intertest and agar diffusion methods. First, the intertest method and than agar dilfusion tests were applied to the samples. Bacillus megatherium ATCC 9855 for chloramphenicol, Basillus stearothermophilus var, calidaloctis C-953 for penicilhne and Bacillus subtıüs ATCC 6633 for tetracyclines were used as a sensilive strains in agar diffusion test. The results of the intertest method have showed lhai 40 (26.6 %) ol them gave suspicious results and 27 samples (18.00 %) were negative for antibiotic residues. According to the agar diffusion test results, 27 (18.00 %) of samples were positive for penıcılline, 11 (7.33 %) ol them for tetracyclines and 2 (1.33 %) of them for chloramphenicol. A total of 110 (73.33 %) samples no antibiotic residues were detected.